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Serggg [28]
1 year ago
13

A substance decays so that the amount a of the substance left at time t is given by: a = a0 ∙ (0.8)t where a0 is the original am

ount of the substance. what is the half-life (the amount of time that it takes to decay to half the original amount) of this substance rounded to the nearest tenth of a year?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Zolol [24]1 year ago
4 0

The half-life of the substance is 3.106 years.

<h3>What is the formula for exponential decay?</h3>
  • The exponential decline, which is a rapid reduction over time, can be calculated with the use of the exponential decay formula.
  • The exponential decay formula is used to determine population decay, half-life, radioactivity decay, and other phenomena.
  • The general form is F(x) = a.

Here,

a = the initial amount of substance

1-r is the decay rate

x = time span

The equation is given in its correct form as follows:

a = a_{0}×(0.8)^{t}

As this is an exponential decay of a first order reaction, t is an exponent of 0.8.

Now let's figure out the half life. Since the amount left is half of the initial amount at time t, that is when:

a = 0.5 a0

<h3>Substituting this into the equation:</h3>

0.5a_{0} = a_{0}×(0.8)^{t}

0.5 = (0.8)^{t}

taking log on both sides

t log 0.8 = log 0.5

t = log 0.5/log 0.8

t = 3.106 years

The half-life of the substance is 3.106 years.

To learn more about exponential decay formula visit:

brainly.com/question/28172854

#SPJ4

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Solution :

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$\text{TrisH}^+ + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Trish}^- + H_3O^+$

we have

$Ka = \frac{[\text{Tris}^- \times H_3O]}{\text{Tris}^+}$

   $=\frac{x^2}{0.02 -x}$

  $=8.32 \times 10^{-9}$

Clearing $x$, we have $x = 1.29 \times 10^{-5} \text{ moles of acid}$

So to reach $\text{pH} = 7.8 (\text{pOH}= 14-7.8=6.2)$, one must have the $\text{OH}^-$ concentration of the :

$\text{[OH}^-]=10^{-pOH} = 6.31 \times 10^{-7} \text{ moles of base}$

So we can add enough of 1 M NaOH in order to neutralize the acid that is calculated above and also adding the calculated base.

$\text {n NaOH}=1.29 \times 10^{-5}+6.31 \times 10^{-7}$

            $= 1.35 \times 10^{-5} \text{ moles}$

Volume NaOH $= 1.35 \times 10^{-5} \text{ moles} \times \frac{1000 \text{ mL}}{1 \text{ mol}} = 0.0135 \text{ mL}$

Tris mass $H^+ = 0.02 \text{ mol} \times 157.6 \text{ g/mol}=3.152 \text{ g}$

Now to prepare the said solution we must mix:

$3.152 \text{ g Tris H} + 0.0135 \text{ mL NaOH} \ 1 M$ gauge to 1000 mL with water.

3 0
3 years ago
Many power plants produce energy by burning carbon-based fuels, which also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhou
RUDIKE [14]

Answer:

a) 2.541 mol/MJ;

b) 1.124 mol/MJ;

c) 0.4354 mol/MJ;

d) 0.1835 mol/MJ

Explanation:

The enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f) is the enthalpy of a reaction to form a compound by its constituents. For CO₂, ΔH°f = - 393.5 kJ/mol.

The enthalpy of a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy of the products (each one multiplied by the number of moles) less the sum of the enthalpy of the reactants (each one multiplied by the number of moles). The ΔH°f for simple substances (with one atom) is 0. The combustion is the reaction between the fuel and the oxygen.

a) The combution reaction is:

C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)

ΔH°rxn = -393.5 kJ/mol = -393.5x10⁻³ MJ/mol

Number of moles per MJ released: 1/|ΔH°rxn|

n = 1/(393.5x10⁻³) = 2.541 mol/MJ

b) The combustion reaction is:

CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

H₂O is in the liquid state because it's at 1 atm and 25ºC.

ΔH°f, H₂O(l) = -285.3 kJ/mol

ΔH°f, O₂(g) = 0

ΔH°f, CH₄(g) = -74.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [2*(-285.3 ) + 1*(-393.5)] - [1*(-74.8)]

ΔH°rxn = -889.3 kJ/mol = -889.3x10⁻³ MJ/mol

n = 1/889.3x10⁻³ = 1.124 mol/MJ

c) C₃H₈(g) + 10O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)

ΔH°f,C₃H₈(g) = -25.2 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [4*(-285.3) + 3*(-393.5)] - [1*(-25.2)]

ΔH°rxn = -2,296.5 kJ/mol = -2.2965 MJ/mol

n = 1/2.2965 = 0.4354 mol/MJ

d) C₈H₁₈(l) + (25/2)O₂(g) → 8CO₂(g) + 9H₂O(l)

ΔH°f, C₈H₁₈(l) = -250.1 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [9*(-283.5) + 8*(-393.5)] - [1*(-250.1)]

ΔH°rxn = -5,449.4 kJ/mol = -5.4494 MJ/mol

n = 1/5.4494 = 0.1835 mol/MJ

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas?
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3 years ago
HELP ME AND PLZ ANSWERED THIS ALL RIGHT PLZ
Sunny_sXe [5.5K]
<h2>Question no 1:</h2><h2>Answer:</h2>

The correct answer is option A which is Sarah is correct because genetic diversity occurs over a long period of time.

<h3>Explanation:</h3>
  • Genetic diversity is a large number of allelic combinations for a trait in specie in a population.
  • Genetic diversity is caused due to mutations or random breeding in a specie.
  • It is good for the adaptation of specie in an environment, due to diverse in genotypes and phenotype of a trait.
<h2>Question number 2:</h2><h2>Answer:</h2>

The correct answer is option B which is the species will adapt to the changes.

<h3>Explanation:</h3>
  • Adaptation to an environment means changing your body in such a way to reduce the harmful affects of changing the environment on the body.
  • For example, the long and thick fur of sheeps in a snowy area will protect them from cold.
  • If the environment changes, the first thing a specie do is an adaptation to that change in the environment.
<h2>Question 3.</h2><h2>Answer:</h2>

The correct answer is option D which is, "The spines of a cactus protect it from animals".

<h3>Explanation:</h3>
  • Adaptation to an environment means changing your body in such a way to reduce the harmful affects of changing the environment on the body.
  • For example, the long and thick fur of sheeps in a snowy area will protect them from cold.
  • So the plant of cactus was in danger due to animals. So the start growing spines in response to animals.
  • Hence the correct answer is option D.
<h2>Question 4.</h2><h2>Answer:</h2>

The correct answer is option B which is, "Marie's plant will lean toward the sun so that it can get the most sunlight".

<h3>Explanation:</h3>
  • The plant will lean towards the sun light by the mechanism of phototropism.
  • Phototropism is the mechanism of growth of the plant in a specific direction in the response of light.
  • There are two types of phototropism.
  • One is a positive phototropism in which plant grows towards the light.
  • The other is negative phototropism in which plant grows away from the light.
  • In this question,the plant will do positive tropism.
<h2>Question no. 5</h2><h2>Answer:</h2>

The correct answer is option B which is, "The dodo bird could not adapt quickly to the challenges of the environment".

<h3>Explanation:</h3>
  • Adaptation to an environment means changing your body in such a way to reduce the harmful affects of changing the environment on the body.
  • For example, the long and thick fur of sheeps in a snowy area will protect them from cold.
  • So the dodo could not adopt to the environment. For the positive adaption of survival, they should be afraid of sailors but the would not afraid of a sailor.
  • Due to which they went extinct.

Remaining questions are in attached document.






Download pdf
7 0
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