A layer of ice on the surface keeps the water temperature warmer than the air temperature.
The arachnoid mater meninges are in the middle of the outer and inner meninges. The arachnoid mater is the central of three layers that create up the meninges or membranes that setting the spinal cord and brain. The dura mater is the outmost cover of the meninges and the innermost cover that outlines thoroughly to the many folding and gaps of the brain is named the pia mater.
Answer:
- Populations must be very large -True
- The frequency of all genotypes must be equal. False
- Gene flow from other populations must be zero. True
- Matings must be random. True
- There should be no natural selection. True
Explanation:
The criteria for maintaining a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
- <u>Random matings</u>: mating probabilities between individuals with determined genotypes depends on the products of frequencies of those genotypes.
- No superposed generations: each individual can leave their gametes in the pool only once.
- No mutations: There is no incorporation into the genetic pool of new gametes originated by mutation of preexistent alleles.
- <u>No migration</u>: There is no incorporation of gametes originated in another population.
- <u>Infinite population size</u>: the probabilities of randomly taking an A gamete from the pool are p and the probabilities of taking a B gamete from the pool are q.
- <u>No natural selection</u>: Each individual has the same surviving and reproducing probabilities as any other, contributing proportionally to the gamete pool.
A producer.
Could be grass, shrimp, plankton, and others.
