1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Digiron [165]
3 years ago
10

The effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electron of Na is different than the effective nuclear charge experien

ced by the outermost electron of Ne. This difference best accounts for which of the following?
(A) Na has a greater density at standard conditions than Ne.
(B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.
(C) Na has a higher melting point than Ne.
(D) Na has a higher neutron-to-proton ratio than Ne.
(E) Na has fewer naturally occurring isotopes than Ne.
Physics
2 answers:
Nesterboy [21]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.  

Explanation:

The atomic number¹ for Na has a value of 11 while in the case of Ne this value is 10. That means that Sodium (Na) has a total number of 11 protons, 11 neutrons and 11 electrons (since it is electrically neutral²). For the case of Neon (Ne) it has 10 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons.

As the atomic number increases, the atomic radius³ shrinks (the orbitals are closer to the nucleus) as a consequence of the electric force. For the case of sodium (Na) the electron in the outermost orbital will experience a lower electric force than the electron placed in the outermost orbital in the atom of Neon (Ne).

Although, the sodium’s atom has more protons and therefore electrons, these eleven electrons will be organized according with the electronic configuration⁴ in the different shells (orbitals) of probabilities of their positions around the atom.

The electronic configuration for Na is:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹

The electronic configuration for Ne is:

1s²2s²2p⁶

Since Na needs another orbital to placed its outermost electron, the atomic radius will have a greater value than Ne. The electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two charged particles, as is established in Coulomb’s law:

F = \kappa_{0} \frac{q1q2}{r^{2}}    (1)

Where q1 and q2 are the charges, \kappa_{0} is the proportionality constant and r is the distance between the two charges.

Hence, the electron in the outermost orbital of Ne is submitted to a greater electric force according with equation 1, the required energy to remove it (ionization energy⁵) will be greater than in the case of Na (<u>for that case will be the first ionization energy</u>).

¹Atomic number: The number of protons or electrons in an atom.

²Electricaly neutral: All the charges are balanced (same number of positive charges and negative charges).

³Atomic radius: Distance between the center of the nucleus and an electron placed in the outermost orbital for a specific atom.

⁴Electronic configuration: Show how the electrons of an atom will be arranged in different orbitals according with the fact that each orbital has a specific number of electrons that can be held.

⁵Ionization energy: Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Key values:

First ionization energy of Na: 495 kJ/mol

First ionization energy of Ne: 2080 kJ/mol

Atomic radius of Na: 2.27 Å

Atomic radius of Ne: 1.54 Å

Atomic number of Na: 11

Atomic number of Ne: 10

olga_2 [115]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

(B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.

Explanation:

As we know that ionization potential is the energy required to remove one electron from outermost shell. So if we found the ionization potential of Na and then ionization potential of Ne we will find the difference.

Experimentally it is found that Na has smaller value of ionization potential compare to Ne. So we can say the effective charge of Nucleus of Na must be less than the effective charge of nucleus of Ne.

Because if effective charge of nucleus is more than it will have strong attraction on outer electron and it must have more ionization potential.

So here correct answer will be

(B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.

You might be interested in
A 80 kg parent and a 20 kg child meet at the center of an ice rink. They place their hands together and push. The parent pushes
Ymorist [56]

Answer:

force acting on the parent = 25 N .

Explanation:

According to third law of Newton , there is equal and opposite reaction to every action . Here force by the parent on child is action and the force by child on parent is reaction . The former is given as 25 N so force by child on parent will also be 25 N .

Answer is 25 N .

4 0
3 years ago
How does the momentum of a fast object compare to that of a slow object if they both have the same mass?
Varvara68 [4.7K]
The momentum of a fast object compared to that of a slow object even if they both have the same mass, is their velocities.

Having same mass but different velocities results in different momentum.

Example: mass = 10kg
Velocity 1 = 50 Velocity 2 = 100
Momentum 1 = 10×50 = 500 Ns
Momentum 2 = 10×100 = 1000 Ns

Hope it helped!
3 0
3 years ago
A girl runs once around a circular track with a radius of 100m at speed of 10m/s.
goblinko [34]

Answer:

0 m

Explanation:

Displacement is the shortest distance from one ppont to another. Here, the girl returns to the same spot after running. Hence, displacement is <u>0</u><u> </u><u>m</u>.

5 0
2 years ago
A tank circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor. Give a simple explanation for why the magnetic field in the induc- tor i
ipn [44]

Answer:

If you pull a permanent magnet rapidly away from a tank circuit, what is likely to happen in that circuit?

Charge will oscillate in the tank's capacitor and inductor.

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
Which equation describes the cosines function for right triangle?
Bogdan [553]

Answer:a

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • A gas is __________ and assumes __________ of its container whereas a liquid is __________ and assumes __________ of its contain
    10·1 answer
  • On the continuum of traditional dramatic outcomes, what is the opposite of death? life birth love marriage
    10·2 answers
  • Select the choice that best completes the following sentence. Simple machines
    9·2 answers
  • Escape speed from the surface of earth is about
    6·2 answers
  • If you exert a force of 51 n to walk 6 m up a flight of stairs in 9 seconds, how much power do you use? answer in units of w.
    15·1 answer
  • The 2-Mg truck is traveling at 15 m/s when the brakes on all its wheels are applied, causing it to skid for 10 m before coming t
    6·1 answer
  • Manufacturers of headache remedies routinely claim that their own brands are more potent pain relievers than the competing brand
    11·1 answer
  • At a distance r1 from a point charge, the magnitude of the electric field created by the charge is 226 N/C. At a distance r2 fro
    5·2 answers
  • Hi im really confused:
    5·1 answer
  • A large tank is filled with water to a depth of 38 m. An opening is located 14 m
    10·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!