1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Digiron [165]
2 years ago
10

The effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electron of Na is different than the effective nuclear charge experien

ced by the outermost electron of Ne. This difference best accounts for which of the following?
(A) Na has a greater density at standard conditions than Ne.
(B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.
(C) Na has a higher melting point than Ne.
(D) Na has a higher neutron-to-proton ratio than Ne.
(E) Na has fewer naturally occurring isotopes than Ne.
Physics
2 answers:
Nesterboy [21]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.  

Explanation:

The atomic number¹ for Na has a value of 11 while in the case of Ne this value is 10. That means that Sodium (Na) has a total number of 11 protons, 11 neutrons and 11 electrons (since it is electrically neutral²). For the case of Neon (Ne) it has 10 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons.

As the atomic number increases, the atomic radius³ shrinks (the orbitals are closer to the nucleus) as a consequence of the electric force. For the case of sodium (Na) the electron in the outermost orbital will experience a lower electric force than the electron placed in the outermost orbital in the atom of Neon (Ne).

Although, the sodium’s atom has more protons and therefore electrons, these eleven electrons will be organized according with the electronic configuration⁴ in the different shells (orbitals) of probabilities of their positions around the atom.

The electronic configuration for Na is:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹

The electronic configuration for Ne is:

1s²2s²2p⁶

Since Na needs another orbital to placed its outermost electron, the atomic radius will have a greater value than Ne. The electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two charged particles, as is established in Coulomb’s law:

F = \kappa_{0} \frac{q1q2}{r^{2}}    (1)

Where q1 and q2 are the charges, \kappa_{0} is the proportionality constant and r is the distance between the two charges.

Hence, the electron in the outermost orbital of Ne is submitted to a greater electric force according with equation 1, the required energy to remove it (ionization energy⁵) will be greater than in the case of Na (<u>for that case will be the first ionization energy</u>).

¹Atomic number: The number of protons or electrons in an atom.

²Electricaly neutral: All the charges are balanced (same number of positive charges and negative charges).

³Atomic radius: Distance between the center of the nucleus and an electron placed in the outermost orbital for a specific atom.

⁴Electronic configuration: Show how the electrons of an atom will be arranged in different orbitals according with the fact that each orbital has a specific number of electrons that can be held.

⁵Ionization energy: Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Key values:

First ionization energy of Na: 495 kJ/mol

First ionization energy of Ne: 2080 kJ/mol

Atomic radius of Na: 2.27 Å

Atomic radius of Ne: 1.54 Å

Atomic number of Na: 11

Atomic number of Ne: 10

olga_2 [115]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

(B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.

Explanation:

As we know that ionization potential is the energy required to remove one electron from outermost shell. So if we found the ionization potential of Na and then ionization potential of Ne we will find the difference.

Experimentally it is found that Na has smaller value of ionization potential compare to Ne. So we can say the effective charge of Nucleus of Na must be less than the effective charge of nucleus of Ne.

Because if effective charge of nucleus is more than it will have strong attraction on outer electron and it must have more ionization potential.

So here correct answer will be

(B) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Ne.

You might be interested in
A marble is placed at Location W. When the marble is released, it rolls down the track.
Norma-Jean [14]

Answer:

Z

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The first five questions refer to the following problem:
Kruka [31]

Answer:

<h2>Δd=d2−d1</h2>

Explanation:

<h2>good morning</h2>
8 0
3 years ago
A string of 26 identical Christmas tree lights are connected in series to a 120 V source. The string dissipates 73 W. What is th
spin [16.1K]

To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to Ohm's law and Electric Power. By Ohm's law we know that resistance is equivalent to,

R_{eq}= \frac{V}{I}

Here,

V = Voltage

I = Current

While the power is equivalent to the product between the current and the voltage, thus solving for the current we have,

P=VI \rightarrow I = \frac{P}{V}

I =0.608 A

Applying Ohm's law

R_{eq} = \frac{120V}{0.608A}

R_{eq} = 197.4\Omega

Therefore the equivalent resistance of the light string is 197.4\Omega

6 0
2 years ago
ASAP
scoundrel [369]

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Hooke's law! F(spring)=-kx

There's no tricky square law here. The spring constant doesn't change, only x (distance stretched) changes. Therefore, if distance is halved, Force will be halved.

5 0
3 years ago
A 10 kg brick and a 1 kg book are dropped in a vacuum. The force of gravity on the 10 kg brick is what?
Nadya [2.5K]
<span>10 times as much. Since F=m*a, and a is constant, the only thing that affects force is the mass.

In response to the below answer, the acceleration due to gravity does not change. The force due to gravity definitely DOES change depending on the mass of the object. Since the force is what the problem asks for, the answer is 10</span>
7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • What are the units of energy?
    14·2 answers
  • An object is released from rest at a height h. During the final second of its fall, it traverses a distance of 38m. Determine th
    5·2 answers
  • "on a snowy day, max (mass = 15 kg) pulls his little sister maya in a sled (combined mass = 20 kg) through the slippery snow. wh
    8·1 answer
  • the density of dry air at 20 degrees celsius is 1.20 g/L. What is the mass of air, in kilograms, of a room that measures 24.0m b
    11·1 answer
  • Lahat ay tumutukoy sa bugtong, maliban sa:
    15·1 answer
  • A 2.00-kg object is attached to a spring and placed on a frictionless, horizontal surface. A horizontal force of 20.0N is requir
    11·1 answer
  • A ball rolls off a desk at a speed of 3 m/s and lands .40 seconds later. How far from the base of the desk does the ball land?
    8·1 answer
  • A car drives straight down toward the bottom of a valley and up the other side on a road whose bottom has a radius of curvature
    14·1 answer
  • If a dog is accelerating at a constant rate of 6.57 m/s2, what is the mass of the dog if 25 N of force is being applied to it?
    7·1 answer
  • What is the change in internal energy (in J) of a system that releases 675 J of thermal energy to its surroundings and has 525 c
    11·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!