1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
barxatty [35]
3 years ago
8

Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram-negative bacterium. The toxin actually consists of 7 related toxins

, types A, B, C1, D, E, F and G. The toxin is synthesized as a protoxin of 150 kDa, which is proteolytically cleaved to a light (L) and heavy (H) chains that remain linked by a disulfide bond. Nerve terminals have receptors for both L and H chains. The L-chain is transported across the nerve terminal membrane by endocytosis. These L chains are metaloproteinases -proteases that require metal ions for activity. The L-chain binds Zn2+, and it proteolytically degrades several proteins that make up the SNARE complex. A) What do you suppose happens when botulinum toxin is injected near the neuromuscular junctions?B) From this conclusion, what do you suppose the basis for botox injections?
Biology
1 answer:
Bess [88]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

A. Botulinum toxin possesses a heavy chain and a light chain, each of which takes part in the toxicity. The binding of the protein and its invasion within a nerve cell is permitted by the heavy chain. After the entry is permitted, the light chain functions like a protease and chops proteins, which would usually permit neurotransmitters to discharge out from the cell. This is basically a commotion of exocytosis or the discharging of neurotransmitters.  

The acetylcholine, that is, the obstructed neurotransmitter generally conducts a nerve impulse to a muscle, allowing the muscle to contract. By inhibiting the neurotransmitter, the botulinum toxin results in its distinctive flaccid paralysis.  

B. The small doses of the sterile, purified botulinum toxin when used in a medical setting as an injectable form prevent the release of a chemical known as acetylcholine by the nerve cells, which signal contraction of the muscles. By selectively interfering with the underlying tendency of the muscles to contract, the prevailing frown lines are smoothed out, and in the majority of the cases are almost invisible for a week.  

You might be interested in
Which one of the following factors contribute to hypertension?
beks73 [17]
I believe:

- high blood pressure

- medical illnesses ( diblabetes, stroke)

- being obese

please vote my answer brainliest . thanks!
7 0
3 years ago
Please answer this question by circle the answers
Musya8 [376]

Answer:

c

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A plant biologist is asked to develop strawberry plants with larger, sweeter berries. Through selective breeding, the biologist
frutty [35]

Answer: Clonal progagation

Explanation:

Clonal propagation involves the production of identical individual without the fusion of germ cells. It can be multiplication through stem and other plants part such as leaves.

Strawberry as a fruits can be multiplied using the stems thus preventing the germ cells from genetic recombination that could lead to the formation of entirely new plants. It does not involve the union of male and female germ cells.

3 0
3 years ago
A(n) ____________ is a family-tree like representation of how organisms are related based on ____________ .
yan [13]

Answer: A PEDIGREE is a family-tree like representation of how organisms are related based on ANCESTRY. It shows genetic relatedness or blood relationship between individuals or organisms.

Explanation: Pedigree can be used to determine

1. Family history or genealogy.

2. Genetic or blood relationship.

3. Coefficient of relationship.

4. Degree of relationship.

5. Proportions of shared genes.

6. Mode of transmission of diseases.

7. Risk evaluation or determination.

Genetic counseling.

8. Linkage analysis.

Pedigree symbols are used in constructing pedigree.

4 0
3 years ago
- Monarch butterflies migrate from the U.S. and
kiruha [24]

Answer:4

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Scientific _______ are logical conclusions that are drawn from scientific observations.
    8·1 answer
  • A sarcome re is the distance between two
    9·2 answers
  • with reference to the role of oncogenes, explain how the normal controls over the cell cycle can be lost.
    5·2 answers
  • What type of disease are in a grem?
    15·1 answer
  • Use what you know about natural selection to fill in the blanks in the hypothesis. It should answer the lab question, “What is t
    7·2 answers
  • What are six physical changes that matter can go through?
    5·1 answer
  • Ruben measures the temperature of a beaker of water with a thermometer while his partner, Molly, holds the beaker in her hands.
    11·1 answer
  • The mononuclear phagocyte system is an intricate passageway within and between tissues and organs and is an area full of lymphoc
    7·1 answer
  • For which of the following reasons does a 3-column organizer help you retain
    13·1 answer
  • Why is water important in the process of photosynthesis?
    6·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!