1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
barxatty [35]
3 years ago
8

Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram-negative bacterium. The toxin actually consists of 7 related toxins

, types A, B, C1, D, E, F and G. The toxin is synthesized as a protoxin of 150 kDa, which is proteolytically cleaved to a light (L) and heavy (H) chains that remain linked by a disulfide bond. Nerve terminals have receptors for both L and H chains. The L-chain is transported across the nerve terminal membrane by endocytosis. These L chains are metaloproteinases -proteases that require metal ions for activity. The L-chain binds Zn2+, and it proteolytically degrades several proteins that make up the SNARE complex. A) What do you suppose happens when botulinum toxin is injected near the neuromuscular junctions?B) From this conclusion, what do you suppose the basis for botox injections?
Biology
1 answer:
Bess [88]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

A. Botulinum toxin possesses a heavy chain and a light chain, each of which takes part in the toxicity. The binding of the protein and its invasion within a nerve cell is permitted by the heavy chain. After the entry is permitted, the light chain functions like a protease and chops proteins, which would usually permit neurotransmitters to discharge out from the cell. This is basically a commotion of exocytosis or the discharging of neurotransmitters.  

The acetylcholine, that is, the obstructed neurotransmitter generally conducts a nerve impulse to a muscle, allowing the muscle to contract. By inhibiting the neurotransmitter, the botulinum toxin results in its distinctive flaccid paralysis.  

B. The small doses of the sterile, purified botulinum toxin when used in a medical setting as an injectable form prevent the release of a chemical known as acetylcholine by the nerve cells, which signal contraction of the muscles. By selectively interfering with the underlying tendency of the muscles to contract, the prevailing frown lines are smoothed out, and in the majority of the cases are almost invisible for a week.  

You might be interested in
What force prevents a machine’s actual mechanical advantage from reaching its ideal mechanical advantage?
Alchen [17]
<span>In real life, the presence of friction. Choice B</span>
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The gene Src normally is activated by extracellular signals called growth factors. When the growth factors are present, Src inst
prisoha [69]

Answer:

B. Oncogene

Explanation:

A gene that makes the body cells to divide in an uncontrolled manner is called an oncogene. An oncogene is responsible for the development of tumors due to disturbed regulation of cell division. The gene src makes the cells to enter the process of cell division in response to the growth factors.

However, the mutant src gene does not require the presence of growth factors and signals the cells to enter the process of cell division even in the absence of the growth factors. Since the mutant src gene causes uncontrolled cell division, it represents an oncogene.

6 0
3 years ago
What is a green plant supported by so it can stand up? water osmotic pressure cell walls
tiny-mole [99]

Answer:

Cell walls

Explanation:

Water is not it, as liquids usually serve no supportive value.

Osmotic pressure is, "the pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution." (Google Dictionary)

Cell walls are rigid shells on the outside of most plants which helps them stay rigid.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What structure, still found in cells today, was key in causing a change from chemical evolution to biological evolution?
PtichkaEL [24]

Answer:

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) lack a nuclear envelope; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus in which evolution was thus reached in the early 1980s, when it was discovered an early stage of chemical evolution is thought to have been based on chloroplasts are still encoded by the organelle genomes.

Explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
Which correctly lists three main causes of deforestation? air pollution, mining, logging mining, cattle ranching, logging cattle
tangare [24]

Answer:

water pollution, l

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Match each event with the appropriate stage of meiosis.
    9·1 answer
  • A testable hypothesis could be formed from which question?
    16·2 answers
  • Read the following sample task and identify it as declarative or procedural. Explain why there are two low tides and two high ti
    9·1 answer
  • Which answer is not a mechanism for evolution1.Mutations 2.Natural Selections3.Genetic Drift 4.Gene Pool?
    15·1 answer
  • Word Roots and Origins The word transcription is
    11·1 answer
  • What is a tertiary consumer
    6·1 answer
  • Which of the following is an example of an organic molecule?
    6·1 answer
  • 2. What is the difference between a wave and a
    8·1 answer
  • How would you describe these molecules?
    11·2 answers
  • Commercial crabbero catch so many blue crabs that the blue crab population decreases.Which two populations are also likely to de
    5·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!