The food group is fats (sweets and oils)
Answer:
*dark, dense- igneous rocks(gabbro & basalt)
*light colored with mineral crystals- igneous rocks (Rhyolite)
*most common rocks on earth's surface-sedimentary rocks
*found under the oceans- igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks (gabbro, basalt, serpentine, peridotite, olivine and ore minerals)
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Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma<span> or </span>lava<span>. The magma can be derived from </span>partial melts<span> of existing rocks in either a </span>planet<span>'s </span>mantle<span> or </span>crust<span>. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in </span>temperature<span>, a decrease in </span>pressure<span>, or a change in composition. In this case, the "rock" is ice. The hot water has cooled through a change of temperature to create a solid structure (ice).</span>
Hey there!
Which substance is a nucleus acid?
Well here’s your answer:
Nucleic acids, which include DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a. If the sugar is deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA.
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