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3 years ago

Explain how the electrical model for the control of cellvolume

Chemistry

1 answer:

AlexFokin [52]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Control of Cell Volume and Membrane Potential Basic

Basic problem

• The cell is full of components like Proteins, ions, fats, etc.

• Ordinarily, these would cause huge osmotic pressures, sucking water into the cell.

• The cell membrane has no structural strength, and the cell would burst.

Basic solution to the problem above

• Cells carefully regulate their intracellular ionic concentrations in order, to ensure that no osmotic pressures arise

• Consequently, the major ions Na+, K+, Cl- and Ca2+ in the cell have different concentrations in the extracellular and intracellular environments.

• And thus a voltage difference arises across the cell membrane.

Essentially two different kinds of cells: excitable and nonexcitable.

• All cells have a resting membrane potential, but only excitable cells modulate it actively.

Explanation:

In the case where there is a poisoning of the Na-K exchange pump.

Inhibition kicks off.

The pump requires binding by Na+ , K+ and ATP for its operation. Therefore , if the concentration of any of these substances is too low, the pump does not function.

When the temperature is reduced. During oxygen lack. Metabolic poisoning thus prevents the formation of ATP.

Potential buildup in the Na+ ion will be used by many different processes e.g cotransporter, neuron signalling etc.

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Scientist can use trees to look at climates of the past. How? What information can they gather and how do they gather it? Explai

andrezito [222]

Explanation:

Scientist use trees a whole lot to look at climate of the past by examining tree rings.

These are layers of cambium in each successive years formed. They have an annual growth pattern and are known as tree rings.

Tree rings can be used to decipher the age of a tree.

These three rings can be used to interpret climatic patterns.
During a wet climate, the tree rings are more robust and bigger.
In a dry climate, the rings are thinner.
These alternating patterns can be used to decipher the climatic signatures in a tree.
Sometimes, it is possible to evaluate some certain isotopes that are useful in climatic studies.

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6 0

3 years ago

During normal, relaxed respiration, about 500ml of air enters and leaves the lungs with each respiratory cycle. this is called t

Marianna [84]

During normal respiration, about 500ml of air enters and leaves the lungs with each respiratory cycle. This is called the<u> tidal volume</u>.

When a person is relaxed, the normal amount of air such a person breathes in and out is called the tidal volume. It is usually measured in millimeters. For the average adult male, it is 500ml, and the tidal volume of average adult female 400ml.

In order to regulate oxygen intake and expulsion of carbon dioxide, the lungs act as buffers in order to absorb the maximum amount of oxygen possible for respiration and other metabolic functions in the body.

When the tidal volume is above or below the 500ml mark, it could signal the presence of underlying pathological conditions like bronchitis, emphysema and asthma.

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6 0

1 year ago

12oz of water initially at 75oF is mixed with 20oz of water intiially at 140oF. What is the final temperature?

Kaylis [27]

Answer:

$115.625^{\circ}\text{F}$

Explanation:

$m_1$ = First mass of water = 12 oz

$m_2$ = Second mass of water = 20 oz

$\Delta T_1$ = Temperature difference of the solution with respect to the first mass of water = $(T-75)^{\circ}\text{F}$

$\Delta T_2$ = Temperature difference of the solution with respect to the second mass of water = $(T-75)^{\circ}\text{F}$

c = Specific heat of water

As heat gain and loss in the system is equal we have

$m_1c\Delta T_1=m_2c\Delta T_2\\\Rightarrow m_1\Delta T_1=m_2\Delta T_2\\\Rightarrow 12(T-75)=20(140-T)\\\Rightarrow 12T-900=2800-20T\\\Rightarrow 12T+20T=2800+900\\\Rightarrow 32T=3700\\\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{3700}{32}\\\Rightarrow T=115.625^{\circ}\text{F}$

The final temperature of the solution is $115.625^{\circ}\text{F}$ .

3 0

3 years ago

2. Petroleum is used to make

Nonamiya [84]

Answer:

D. all of the above

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago

How many moles are in 2.4g of carbon dioxide (CO2)?

miv72 [106K]

Answer:

$\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.055 \ mol \ CO_2}}$

Explanation:

To convert form grams to moles, the molar mass must be used. This is the mass (in grams) in 1 mole of a substance.

We can use the values on the Periodic Table. First, find the molar masses of the individual elements: carbon and oxygen.

C: 12.011 g/mol
O: 15.999 g/mol

Check for subscripts. The subscript of 2 after O means there are 2 oxygen atoms, so we have to multiply oxygen's molar mass by 2 before adding.

O₂: 2* (15.999 g/mol)=31.998 g/mol
CO₂: 12.011 g/mol + 31.998 g/mol =40.009 g/mol

Use the molar mass as a ratio.

$\frac {44.009 \ g\ CO_2}{ 1 \ mol \ CO_2}$

Multiply by the given number of grams.

$2.4 \ g \ CO_2 *\frac {44.009 \ g\ CO_2}{ 1 \ mol \ CO_2}$

Flip the fraction so the grams of carbon dioxide cancel.

$2.4 \ g \ CO_2 *\frac { 1 \ mol \ CO_2}{44.009 \ g\ CO_2}$

$2.4 *\frac { 1 \ mol \ CO_2}{44.009}$

$\frac { 2.4 \ mol \ CO_2}{44.009}= 0.0545342998 \ mol \ CO_2$

The original measurement of grams has 2 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. For the number we calculated, that is the thousandth place.

The ten thousandth place has a 5, so we round the 4 to a 5.

$0.055 \ mol \ CO_2$

2.4 grams of carbon dioxide is about 0.055 moles.

8 0

3 years ago