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Viefleur [7K]
3 years ago
6

What change in atomic number occurs when a nucleus emits an alpha particle? a beta particle? a gamma ray?

Chemistry
1 answer:
marissa [1.9K]3 years ago
7 0

1. Alpha decay

Alpha particle is a ₂⁴He nucleus. When a parent atom emits an alpha particle, the atomic number reduces by 2 in the formed daughter atom while reducing the mass number by 4. Since atomic number = proton number, due to the decreasing of atomic number, proton number also reduces by 2 in daughter nucleus.


2. Beta emission.

There are two types of beta decay. One is β⁻ and other one is β⁺ emission.

β⁻ emission

β⁻ emission is an emission of an electron by converting a neutron to a proton. Hence, in β⁻<span> decay, the atomic number increases by 1 and mass number is not changed in the formed daughter nucleus.</span>

β⁺ emission

β⁺ emission is an emission of an positron while converting a neutron to a proton. Hence, in β⁺ <span>decay, the atomic number decreases by 1 and mass number is not changed in the formed daughter nucleus.</span>

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</span>

3. Gamma decay

In Gamma decay there is no any particle decay from the parent nucleus. Unstable nucleus emits energy photon and becomes as stable by undergoing a gamma decay. Hence, there is no change in atomic number or mass number of the daughter atom.

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