Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature. Mixing acids and bases can cancel out their extreme effects, much like mixing hot and cold water can even out the water temperature. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral.
The character of acidic, basic and neutral is defined by the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+](mol/L). A solution with a concentration of hydrogen ions higher than 10-7mol/L is acidic, and a solution with a lower concentration is alkaline (another way to say basic). Using the formula, pH=-log[H+], a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic. As one can see from this formula, ten times a given concentration of hydrogen ions means one unit lower in terms of pH value (higher acidity), and vice versa.
The formula for ph is given by:pH=−log10[H+]
What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH = 8?
In calculating for the concentration of hydrogen ion, the formula is given by:[H+]=(10)^(-pH)
Solution:
[H+]=(10)^(-8)[H+]=0.00000001 mol/L
What is the concentration of OH– ions at a pH = 8?pH+pOH=148+pOH=14pOH=6
[OH-]=(10)^(-pOH)[OH-]=(10)^(-6)[OH-]=0.000001
What is the ratio of H+ ions to OH– ions at a pH = 2?The ratio is 0.00000001:0.000001 which is equal to 0.01
The mass of Ba(IO3)2 that can be dissolved in 500 ml of water at 25 degrees celcius is 2.82 g
<h3>What mass of Ba(IO3)2 can be dissolved in 500 ml of water at 25 degrees celcius?</h3>
The Ksp of Ba(IO3)2 = 1.57 × 10^-9
Molar mass of Ba(IO3)2 = 487 g/mol?
Dissociation of Ba(IO3)2 produces 3 moles of ions as follows:

![Ksp = [Ba^{2+}]*[IO_{3}^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Ksp%20%3D%20%5BBa%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%2A%5BIO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
![[Ba(IO_{3})_{2}] = \sqrt[3]{ksp} =\sqrt[3]{1.57 \times {10}^{ - 9} } \\ [Ba(IO_{3})_{2}] = 1.16 \times {10}^{-3} moldm^{-3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBa%28IO_%7B3%7D%29_%7B2%7D%5D%20%3D%20%20%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7Bksp%7D%20%3D%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7B1.57%20%5Ctimes%20%20%7B10%7D%5E%7B%20-%209%7D%20%7D%20%5C%5C%20%20%5BBa%28IO_%7B3%7D%29_%7B2%7D%5D%20%3D%201.16%20%5Ctimes%20%20%7B10%7D%5E%7B-3%7D%20moldm%5E%7B-3%7D)
moles of Ba(IO3)2 = 1.16 × 10^-3 × 0.5 = 0.58 × 10^-3 moles
mass of Ba(IO3)2 = 0.58 × 10^-3 moles × 487 = 2.82 g
Therefore, mass Ba(IO3)2 that can be dissolved in 500 ml of water at 25 degrees celcius is 2.82 g.
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Answer:
First ionization of lithium:
.
Second ionization of lithium:
.
Explanation:
The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion of the element in gaseous state. (Refer to your textbook for a more precise definition.) Some features of the equation:
- Start with a gaseous atom (for the first ionization energy only) or a gaseous ion. Write the gaseous state symbol
next to any atom or ion in the equation. - The product shall contain one gaseous ion and one electron. The charge on the ion shall be the same as the order of the ionization energy. For the second ionization energy, the ion shall carry a charge of +2.
- Charge shall balance on the two sides of the equation.
First Ionization Energy of Li:
- The products shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +1
as well as an electron
. - Charge shall balance on the two sides. There's no net charge on the product side. Neither shall there be a charge on the reactant side. The only reactant shall be a lithium atom which is both gaseous and neutral:
.
- Hence the equation:
.
Second Ionization Energy of Li:
- The product shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +2:
as well as an electron
. - Charge shall balance on the two sides. What's the net charge on the product side? That shall also be the charge on the reactant side. What will be the reactant?
- The equation for this process is
.
Answer : The volume of hydrogen gas at STP is 4550 L.
Explanation :
Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas equation is,

where,
= initial pressure of gas = 100.0 atm
= final pressure of gas at STP = 1 atm
= initial volume of gas = 50.0 L
= final volume of gas at STP = ?
= initial temperature of gas = 
= final temperature of gas at STP = 
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:


Therefore, the volume of hydrogen gas at STP is 4550 L.
The mass of lime that can be produced from 4.510 Kg of limestone is calculated as below
calculate the moles of CaCO3 used
that is moles =mass/molar mass
convert Kg to g = 4.510 x1000 =4510g
= 4510 / 100 =45.10 moles
CaCO3 = CaO +O2
by use of mole ratio between CaCO3 to CaO (1:1) the moles of CaO is also= 45.10 moles
mass of CaO = moles x molar mass
45.10 x56 = 2525.6 g of CaO