One of the major effects of heat transfer is temperature change: heating increases the temperature while cooling decreases it. We assume that there is no phase change and that no work is done on or by the system. Experiments show that the transferred heat depends on three factors—the change in temperature, the mass of the system, and the substance and phase of the substance.
Figure a shows a copper-colored cylinder of mass m and temperature change delta T. The heat Q, shown as a wavy rightward horizontal arrow, is transferred to the cylinder from the left. To the right of this image is a similar image, except that the heat transferred Q prime is twice the heat Q. The temperature change of this second cylinder, which is also labeled m, is two delta T. This cylinder is surrounded by small black wavy lines radiating outward. Figure b shows the same two cylinders as in Figure a. The left cylinder is labeled m and delta T and has a wavy heat arrow pointing at it from the left that is labeled Q. The right cylinder is labeled two m and delta T and has a wavy heat arrow pointing to it from the left labeled Q prime equals two Q. Figure c shows the same copper cylinder of mass m and with temperature change delta T, with heat Q being transferred to it. To the right of this cylinder, Q prime equals ten point eight times Q is being transferred to another cylinder filled with water whose mass and change in temperature are the same as that of the copper cylinder.
Answer: Solution W and Y solution have more solubility than X and Z
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more components. By uniform mix we mean that its structure and properties are the same in the whole mix. Generally, the component which is present in the largest quantity is known as solvent. Solvent determines the physical condition in which the solution exists. In addition to the solvent, one or more component present in the solution is called solutes. In this unit we will only consider binary solutions (i.e., with two components)
The structure of the solution can be described by expressing its concentration. The latter can either be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. For example, in qualitatively we can say that the solution is diluted (i.e., relatively small amounts of solubility) or it is concentrated (i.e., relatively rarely sighs). But in real life such details may be very confusing and thus require a quantitative description of the solution. There are several ways that we can quantitatively describe the concentration of solutions. (i) Mass Percentage (W / W): The mass percentage of a component of the solution is defined as: mass of the component = mass of the component in the solution = 100 Total mass of the solution .For example, if by mass A solution is described by 10% glucose in water, it means that 10 grams of glucose dissolved in 90 grams of water, resulting in 100 grams of solution. The concentration described by a large percentage of the population is usually used in industrial chemical applications. For example, the commercial bleaching solution contains 3.62 mass percentages of sodium hypochlorite in water. (ii) Volume Percentage (V / V): Volume Percentage is defined as: Total Volume of Component Volume 100 (component) Volume% of Component
Explanation:
The statement above is true. The phase of matter which is exposed to normal atmospheric pressure is indeed solely dependent upon temperature. If the matter is exposed to the normal atm pressure, its temperature depends on it.
Before 7 after 9. A pH smaller than 7 indicates acidity with 0 being completely acidic. A pH greater than 7 shows alkalinity with 14 being completely alkaline. 7 is neutral. Since NaOH is alkaline, adding it to a neutral substance would increase the pH and it would increase from 7 to 9.
The work done by a gas during an isothermal process is given by:
(1)
where
n is the number of moles of the gas
R is the gas constant
T is the absolute temperature of the gas
is the ratio between the final volume and the initial volume of the gas
We need to calculate this ratio, and we can do it by using the gas pressure. In fact, for an isothermal process, Boyle's law states that the product between pressure and volume of the gas is constant:
which can be rewritten as
which is equivalent to
The problem says that the pressure of the gas is tripled, therefore the ratio between final and initial volume is:
Now we can use eq.(1) to calculate the work done by the gas. The absolute temperature is
The number of moles is n=2, therefore the work done is
And the work is negative, because it is done by the environment on the gas (the gas is compressed)
