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soldier1979 [14.2K]
2 years ago
14

The rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3 × 10-11 e-250/T and 2

× 10-12 e-940/T, where T is the Kelvin temperature. Calculate the ratio of the rates of ozone destruction by these catalysts at 20 km, given that at this altitude the average concentration of OH is about 100 times that of Cl and that the temperature is about -50 °C. Calculate the rate constant for ozone destruction by chlorine under conditions in the Antarctic ozone hole, when the temperature is about -80 °C and the concentration of atomic chlorine increases by a factor of one hundred to about 4 × 105 molecules cm-3.
Physics
1 answer:
Vlada [557]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Calculate the ratio of the rates of ozone destruction by these catalysts at 20 km, given that at this altitude the average concentration of OH is about 100 times that of Cl and that the temperature is about -50 °C

Knowing

Rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/T}  and 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/T}  

T = -50 °C = 223 K

The reaction rate will be given by [Cl] [O3] 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/223} = 9.78^{-12} [Cl] [O3]  

Than, the reaction rate of OH with O3 is

Rate = [OH] [O3] 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/223} = 2.95^{-14} [OH] [O3]

Considering these 2 rates we can realize the ratio of the reaction with Cl to the reaction with OH is 330 * [Cl] / [OH]

Than, the concentration of OH is approximately 100 times of Cl, and the result will be that the reaction with Cl is 3.3 times faster than the  reaction with OH

Calculate the rate constant for ozone destruction by chlorine under conditions in the Antarctic ozone hole, when the temperature is about -80 °C and the concentration of atomic chlorine increases by a factor of one hundred to about 4 × 105 molecules cm-3

Knowing

Rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/T}  and 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/T}  

T = -80 °C = 193 K

The reaction rate will be given by [Cl] [O3] 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/193} = 8.21^{-12} [Cl] [O3]  

Than, the reaction rate of OH with O3 is

Rate = [OH] [O3] 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/193} = 1.53^{-14} [OH] [O3]

Considering these 2 rates we can realize the ratio of the reaction with Cl to the reaction with OH is 535 * [Cl] / [OH]

Than, considering the concentration of Cl increases by a factor of 100 to about 4 × 10^{5} molecules cm^{-3}, the result will be that the reaction with OH will be 535 + (100 to about 4 × 10^{5} molecules cm^{-3}) times faster than the  reaction with Cl

Explanation:

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sladkih [1.3K]

Answer:

It is destroyed in subduction zones. A Geologic process in which a tectonic plate made of dense lithospheric material melts or falls below a plate made of less-dense lithosphere at a convergent plate boundary

Explanation:

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8 0
3 years ago
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An office window has dimensions 3.1 m by 2.1 m. As a result of the passage of a storm, the outside air pressure drops to 0.954 a
Virty [35]

Answer:

Net forces which pushes the window is 30342.78 N.

Explanation:

Given:

Dimension of the office window.

Length of the window = 3.1 m

Width of the window = 2.1 m

Area of the window = (3.1\times 2.1) = 6.51\ m^2

Difference in air pressure = Inside pressure - Outside pressure

                                           = (1.0-0.954) atm = 0.046 atm

Conversion of the pressure in its SI unit.

⇒  1 atm = 101325 Pa

⇒ 0.046 atm = 0.046\times 101325 =4660.95 Pa

We have to find the net force.

We know,

⇒ Pressure = Force/Area

⇒ Pressure=\frac{Force }{Area}

⇒ Force =Pressure\times Area

⇒ Plugging the values.

⇒ Force =4660.95\times 6.51

⇒ Force=30342.78 Newton (N)

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The net forces which pushes the window is 30342.78 N.

3 0
3 years ago
Help pleasee
agasfer [191]

Answer:

i/f = i/o + i/i       f = focal, o = object, i = image

1 / i = 1 / f - 1 / o  =    (o - f) / o f

i = o * f / ( o - f)      image distance

i = 12.5 * 22 / (12.5 - 22) = -28.9 cm

Image is real

Image is 28.9 cm to left of lens

M = - i / o = = 28.9 / 12.5 = 2.3     magnification (convex lens)

8 0
2 years ago
You toss a bowling ball straight up into the air with a speed of 2.1 m/s. How long does it take the bowling ball to reach its hi
lara [203]

Time taken by the bowling ball to reach its highest point= 0.214 s

initial velocity= Vi=2.1 m/s

Final velocity= Vf=0 as the velocity at the highest point is zero.

acceleration= g= -9.8 m/s²

using the kinematic equation Vf= Vi + at

0= 2.1 + (-9.8)t

t= -2.1/-9.8

t=0.214 s

Thus the time taken by the bowling ball to reach its highest point is 0.214 s

6 0
3 years ago
A conical container of radius 6 ft and height 24 ft is filled to a height of 19 ft of a liquid weighing 64.4 lb divided by ft cu
kobusy [5.1K]

Answer:

Part (i) work required to pump the contents to the​ rim is 281,913.733 lb.ft

Part (ii) work required to pump the liquid to a level of 5ft above the​ cone's rim is 426,484.878 lb.ft

Explanation:

The center of mass of a uniform solid right circular cone of height h lies on the axis of symmetry at a distance of h/4 from the base and 3h/4 from the top.

Center mass of the liquid Z = (24-19)ft + 19/4 = 5ft + 4.75ft = 9.75 ft

Mass of liquid in the cone = volume × density (ρ) =  ¹/₃.π.r².h.ρ

where;

r is the radius of the liquid surface = [6*(19/24)]ft = 4.75ft

ρ is the density of liquid = 64.4 lb/ft³

h is the height of the liquid = 19 ft

Mass of liquid in the cone = ¹/₃ × π × (4.75)² × 19 × 64.4 = 28,914.229 lbs

Part (i)  work required to pump the contents to the​ rim

Work required = 28,914.229 lbs × 9.75 ft = 281,913.733 lb.ft

Part (ii) work required to pump the liquid to a level of 5 ft above the​ cone's rim

Extra work required = 28,914.229 lb ×  5ft = 144571.145 lb.ft

Total work required = (281,913.733 +  144571.145) lb.ft

                                 = 426,484.878 lb.ft

5 0
3 years ago
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