1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
soldier1979 [14.2K]
3 years ago
14

The rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3 × 10-11 e-250/T and 2

× 10-12 e-940/T, where T is the Kelvin temperature. Calculate the ratio of the rates of ozone destruction by these catalysts at 20 km, given that at this altitude the average concentration of OH is about 100 times that of Cl and that the temperature is about -50 °C. Calculate the rate constant for ozone destruction by chlorine under conditions in the Antarctic ozone hole, when the temperature is about -80 °C and the concentration of atomic chlorine increases by a factor of one hundred to about 4 × 105 molecules cm-3.
Physics
1 answer:
Vlada [557]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Calculate the ratio of the rates of ozone destruction by these catalysts at 20 km, given that at this altitude the average concentration of OH is about 100 times that of Cl and that the temperature is about -50 °C

Knowing

Rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/T}  and 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/T}  

T = -50 °C = 223 K

The reaction rate will be given by [Cl] [O3] 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/223} = 9.78^{-12} [Cl] [O3]  

Than, the reaction rate of OH with O3 is

Rate = [OH] [O3] 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/223} = 2.95^{-14} [OH] [O3]

Considering these 2 rates we can realize the ratio of the reaction with Cl to the reaction with OH is 330 * [Cl] / [OH]

Than, the concentration of OH is approximately 100 times of Cl, and the result will be that the reaction with Cl is 3.3 times faster than the  reaction with OH

Calculate the rate constant for ozone destruction by chlorine under conditions in the Antarctic ozone hole, when the temperature is about -80 °C and the concentration of atomic chlorine increases by a factor of one hundred to about 4 × 105 molecules cm-3

Knowing

Rate constants for the reactions of atomic chlorine and of hydroxyl radical with ozone are given by 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/T}  and 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/T}  

T = -80 °C = 193 K

The reaction rate will be given by [Cl] [O3] 3x10^{-11} e^{-255/193} = 8.21^{-12} [Cl] [O3]  

Than, the reaction rate of OH with O3 is

Rate = [OH] [O3] 2x10^{-12} e^{-940/193} = 1.53^{-14} [OH] [O3]

Considering these 2 rates we can realize the ratio of the reaction with Cl to the reaction with OH is 535 * [Cl] / [OH]

Than, considering the concentration of Cl increases by a factor of 100 to about 4 × 10^{5} molecules cm^{-3}, the result will be that the reaction with OH will be 535 + (100 to about 4 × 10^{5} molecules cm^{-3}) times faster than the  reaction with Cl

Explanation:

You might be interested in
A skateboarder rolls off a 2.5 m high bridge into the river. If the skateboarder was originally moving at 7.0 m/s, how much time
saul85 [17]

Answer:

  t = 0.714 s and  x = 5.0 m

Explanation:

This is a projectile throwing exercise, in this case when the skater leaves the bridge he goes with horizontal speed

         vₓ = 7.0 m / s

Let's find the time it takes to get to the river

         y = y₀ + v_{oy} t - ½ g t²

the initial vertical speed is zero and when it reaches the river its height is zero

        0 = y₀ + 0 - ½ g t²

        t = \sqrt{\frac{2y_o}{g}  }

        t = ra 2 2.5 / 9.8

        t = 0.714 s

the distance traveled is

       x = vₓ t

       x = 7.0 0.714

       x = 5.0 m

3 0
3 years ago
A fish scale, consisting of a spring with spring constant k=200N/m, is hung vertically from the ceiling. A 2.6 kg fish is attach
Olegator [25]

Answer:

Explanation:

The fish is initially at rest and it is also at rest when the spring is fully stretched at the maximum distance.

Change in gravity potential energy = change in spring potential energy

mgh = 1/2kh^2

Assume gravity constant g is 10m/s^2

2.6*10*h = 1/2*200*h^2

100h^2 - 26h = 0

2h(50h - 13) = 0

h = 0 or h = 13/50 = 0.65m

h = 0 is before the spring is stretched

So the maximum distance is 0.65m.

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A skier (m=59.0 kg) starts sliding down from the top of a ski jump with negligible friction and takes off horizontally. If h = 3
marissa [1.9K]

Answer:

35.20 m

Explanation:

By the law of conservation of energy we have,

mg(H-h)=\frac{1}{2}mv^2

g(H-h)=\frac{1}{2}v^2

\Rightarrow H=\frac{v^2}{2g}+h

where m= mass of the skier, h= 3.00 m

D= horizontal distance=13.9 m

H= maximum height attained

Also, the horizontal distance covered by the skier is

D=vt

=v\frac{2g}{h}

\Rightarrow v^2=\frac{gD^2}{2h}

thus, height H in terms of D  is given by

H=\frac{D^2}{2h}+h

H=\frac{13.9^2}{2\times3}+3

H=35.20 m

4 0
3 years ago
PLEASE HELP ME IM TIMED
Novosadov [1.4K]
Yeah it’s the mantle
6 0
3 years ago
In what ways does a stream transport its load, and which part of the load moves most slowly? Select all that apply.
vodka [1.7K]

Answer: Option (B)

Explanation: A stream transports its materials in different ways-

  1. <u>Dissolved load-</u> Here, the materials gets dissolved when mixed with water and flows along with the stream.
  2. <u>Suspended load</u>- Here, the materials are not fully dissolved in the water but they can be carried from one place to another in suspension mode, by the river.
  3. <u>Bed load-</u> Bed load are transported in three different ways such as-
  • Sliding- here, the materials slides down along a curved surface under the water and carried away.
  • Rolling- here, the materials are solid and due to force exerted by water, it can roll and move to distant places.
  • Saltation- here, the materials are carried away in a series of jumps.

Thus, the most appropriate answer is option (B) i.e bedload.

5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20 kW of useful mechanical power to the wat
    5·1 answer
  • The distribution of ________ across the globe provides the primary indicator of boundaries between all tectonic plates.
    12·1 answer
  • Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the forces are __________________.
    5·1 answer
  • What is Metabolism?
    7·1 answer
  • A helium atom has a mass of mHe= 4.002604 u. When disassembled into its constituent subatomic particles (2 protons, 2 neutrons,
    14·1 answer
  • A 500.0-g chunk of an unknown metal, which has been in boiling water for several minutes, is quickly dropped into an insulating
    9·1 answer
  • 3.- Un barco que tiene el motor averiado es ayudado por dos remolcadores para entrar en el puerto. Cada uno de ellos tira de él
    11·1 answer
  • One gallon of paint covers an area of 25 m2. What is the thickness of the paint on the wall?​
    6·1 answer
  • from his playhouse, a child walks 11 m east, then 7 m north, then 13 m east. what is the direction of the child's displacement f
    13·1 answer
  • A camper stands in a valley between two parallel cliff walls. He claps his hands and notices that the echo from the nearby wall
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!