Ans.
Nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used by farmers to increase crop production. Ammonium is the main component of nitrogen fertilizer, as it is easily assimilated by plants and provides nitrogen to them, while nitrate gets easily lost from the soil. During nitrogen cycle, ammonium is converted into nitrate by nitrification. So, nitrification inhibitors are used with to slow down the conversion of ammonium to nitrate to provide nitrogen for longer time.
Thus, 'to increase crop production, nitrification step of nitrogen cycle is preferred by farmers to block, or slow down.'
Answer: The average global temperature has increased by a little more than 1°. The temperatures we experience locally and in short periods can fluctuate. In the past, a one- to two-degree drop was all it took to plunge the Earth into the Little Ice Age. The strong warming trend of the past four decades likely reflects a shift
Explanation: hope i helped
With skepticism and open-mindedness, they both revolve around the fact that they don't "confine" themselves in an idea.
However, the difference comes with the means of not confining themselves. With skepticism, you are questioning that idea and essentially, taking that idea with a pinch of salt. With open-mindness, however, you aren't questioning the idea but rather are willing to open yourself to other ideas aside from that singular idea.
Here's an example (it's simplified, but you should understand the difference):
Skepticism: I used to believe in idea A, however after scrutinizing it I'm starting to doubt idea A.
Open-mindness: I believe in idea A, however I want to understand ideas B and C as well.
A scientific theory is an explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.