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Anarel [89]
3 years ago
5

You are to assess the biomechanics of a male’s arm using his bicep to hold a 20 kg object in his hand. The upper arm is perpendi

cular to the ground while the forearm is parallel to the ground. The male’s forearm is 26.5 cm long and weighs 1.42 kg. The man’s hand weighs 0.54 kg and is 19 cm long. The center of masses for the forearm and hand are 43% and 50% of the extremity lengths from the proximal joint, respectively.
You may assume that only the bicep generates the force, the angle between the bicep and forearm is 75 degrees, and the bicep insertion is 5cm from the elbow joint.

a) Draw a complete free body diagram of the above described activity. (5 pts)

b) Calculate the elbow moment due to external load and body segments weight. (5 pts)

c) Calculate the elbow contact force and force exerted by the bicep. (5 pts)

Engineering
1 answer:
cestrela7 [59]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The detailed analysis, with free body diagram and step by step calculations with appropriate substitution is as shown in the attached files.

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Two identical billiard balls can move freely on a horizontal table. Ball a has a velocity V0 and hits balls B, which is at rest,
Lyrx [107]

Answer:

Velocity of ball B after impact is 0.6364v_0 and ball A is 0.711v_0

Explanation:

v_0 = Initial velocity of ball A

v_A=v_0\cos45^{\circ}

v_B = Initial velocity of ball B = 0

(v_A)_n' = Final velocity of ball A

v_B' = Final velocity of ball B

e = Coefficient of restitution = 0.8

From the conservation of momentum along the normal we have

mv_A+mv_B=m(v_A)_n'+mv_B'\\\Rightarrow v_0\cos45^{\circ}+0=(v_A)_n'+v_B'\\\Rightarrow (v_A)_n'+v_B'=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_0

Coefficient of restitution is given by

e=\dfrac{v_B'-(v_A)_n'}{v_A-v_B}\\\Rightarrow 0.8=\dfrac{v_B'-(v_A)_n'}{v_0\cos45^{\circ}}\\\Rightarrow v_B'-(v_A)_n'=\dfrac{0.8}{\sqrt{2}}v_0

(v_A)_n'+v_B'=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_0

v_B'-(v_A)_n'=\dfrac{0.8}{\sqrt{2}}v_0

Adding the above two equations we get

2v_B'=\dfrac{1.8}{\sqrt{2}}v_0\\\Rightarrow v_B'=\dfrac{0.9}{\sqrt{2}}v_0

\boldsymbol{\therefore v_B'=0.6364v_0}

(v_A)_n'=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_0-0.6364v_0\\\Rightarrow (v_A)_n'=0.07071v_0

From the conservation of momentum along the plane of contact we have

(v_A)_t'=(v_A)_t=v_0\sin45^{\circ}\\\Rightarrow (v_A)_t'=\dfrac{v_0}{\sqrt{2}}

v_A'=\sqrt{(v_A)_t'^2+(v_A)_n'^2}\\\Rightarrow v_A'=\sqrt{(\dfrac{v_0}{\sqrt{2}})^2+(0.07071v_0)^2}\\\Rightarrow \boldsymbol{v_A'=0.711v_0}

Velocity of ball B after impact is 0.6364v_0 and ball A is 0.711v_0.

5 0
3 years ago
Compare the use of a low-strength, ductile material (1018 CD) in which the stress-concentration factor can be ignored to a high-
kicyunya [14]

Answer:

Step 1 of 3

Case A:

AISI 1018 CD steel,

Fillet radius at wall=0.1 in,

Diameter of bar

From table deterministic ASTM minimum tensile and yield strengths for some hot rolled and cold drawn steels for 1018 CD steel

Tensile strength

Yield strength

The cross section at A experiences maximum bending moment at wall and constant torsion throughout the length. Due to reasonably high length to diameter ratio transverse shear will be very small compared to bending and torsion.

At the critical stress elements on the top and bottom surfaces transverse shear is zero

Explanation:

See the next steps in the attached image

5 0
3 years ago
Adam has 5 barrels of different volumes. The barrel of which volume can contain the most liquid?
Natalija [7]

Answer:

D

Explanation:

5 0
2 years ago
Is it true or false that sometimes people except certain risks in exchange for other benefits
mixas84 [53]
Yes, they have to make certain sacrifices ! for many many benefits.
3 0
3 years ago
A lagoon is designed to accommodate an input flow of 0.10 m^3/s of nonconservative pollutant with concentration 30 mg/L and deca
dexar [7]

Answer:

Volume of the lagoon required for the decay process must be larger than 86580 m³ = 8.658 × 10⁷ L

Explanation:

The lagoon can be modelled as a Mixed flow reactor.

From the value of the decay constant (0.2/day), one can deduce that the decay reaction of the pollutant is a first order reaction.

The performance equation of a Mixed flow reactor is given from the material and component balance thus:

(V/F₀) = (C₀ - C)/((C₀)(-r)) (From the Chemical Reaction Engineering textbook, authored by Prof. Octave Levenspiel)

V = volume of the reactor (The lagoon) = ?

C₀ = Initial concentration of the reactant (the pollutant concentration) = 30 mg/L = 0.03 mg/m³

F₀ = Initial flow rate of reactant in mg/s = 0.10 m³/s × C₀ = 0.1 m³/s × 0.03 mg/m³ = 0.003 mg/s

C = concentration of reactant at any time; effluent concentration < 10mg/L, this means the maximum concentration of pollutant allowed in the effluent is 10 mg/L

For the sake of easy calculation, C = the maximum value = 10 mg/L = 0.01 mg/m³

(-r) = kC (Since we know this decay process is a first order reaction)

This makes the performance equation to be:

(kVC₀/F₀) = (C₀ - C)/C

V = F₀(C₀ - C)/(kC₀C)

k = 0.2/day = 0.2/(24 × 3600s) = 2.31 × 10⁻⁶/s

V = 0.003(0.03 - 0.01)/(2.31 × 10⁻⁶ × 0.03 × 0.01)

V = 86580 m³

Since this calculation is made for the maximum concentration of 10mg/L of pollutant in the effluent, the volume obtained is the minimum volume of reactor (lagoon) to ensure a maximum volume of 10 mg/L of pollutant is contained in the effluent.

The lower the concentration required for the pollutant in the effluent, the larger the volume of reactor (lagoon) required for this decay reaction. (Provided all the other parameters stay the same)

Hope this helps!

5 0
2 years ago
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