a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
Diffusion<span> is defined as spreading of molecules of a substance, away from each other, throughout the space.
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Effusion is the phenomena of escape of gas molecules through a very small orifice into an evacuated area.
According to Graham's Law, rate of diffusion and effusion is inversely proportional to molecular mass.
Thus, with increase in molecular mass, rate of diffusion and effusion will decrease.
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The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas directly to a solid is nominated "deposition".
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Answer:
Explanation:
Formal charge of ICl₂⁻
Formal charge = group no - ( no of non bonding electrons +no of bonds)
In I there are 7 electrons in outermost orbit . If we add one more electrons due to - ve charge on the ion , it becomes eight . This centrally placed iodine forms two single bond with two chlorine atoms on either side.
Each of chlorine atoms also contains 7 valance electrons like iodine.
So formal charge of chlorine
= group no - ( no of non bonding electrons +no of bonds)
= 7 - ( 6 + 1 )
= 0
So formal charge of iodine
= group no - ( no of non bonding electrons +no of bonds)
= 7 - ( 5 + 2 )
=0
Formal charge of ICl₂⁺
In this case , central iodine will have only 6 valence electrons due to absence one electron.
So formal charge of chlorine in ICl₂⁺
= group no - ( no of non bonding electrons +no of bonds)
= 7 - ( 6 + 1 )
= 0
formal charge of iodine in in ICl₂⁺
7 - ( 4 + 2)
= 1
Meso−2,3−butanediol is the product of the top reaction