Ionic solids have high melting points and are rather hard. ... Covalent solids comprise two- or three-dimensional networks of atoms held together by covalent bonds; they tend to be very hard and have high melting points
Other forms of radiation may come from the stars. These radiations include x-ray radiation, ultraviolet radiation, electromagnetic radiation, infrared radiation, alpha ray, beta ray & gamma ray, visible light radiation, radio frequencies radiation and magnet waves.
An orbital is the most probable location of an electron. This is because you can't pinpoint the exact location of an electron because as soon as you do it will have moved again, so orbitals are used to find the probability of where a certain electron is.
For a hydrocarbon, the combustion reactions are the following:
C + O₂ --> CO₂
H₂ + 1/2 O₂ --> H₂O
The molar mass of CO₂ is 44 g/mol while C is 12 g/mol. Let's solve for amount of C in hydrocarbon.
Mass of C = (14.1 g CO₂)(1mol/44g)(1 mol C/1 mol CO₂)(12 g/mol) = 3.845 g C
So, that means that the mass of hydrogen is:
Mass of H = 4.4 - 3.845 = 0.555 g
Moles C = 3.845/12 = 0.32042
Moles H = 0.555/1 = 0.555
Divide both by the smaller value, 0.32042.
C: 0.32042/0.32042 = 1
H: 0.555/0.32042 = 1.732
We have to get an answer that is closest to a whole number. Let's try multiplying both with 4.
C: 1*4 = 4
H: 1.732*4 = 6.93≈7
<em>Thus, the empirical formula is C₄H₇.</em>
