Answer:
<em>1) The law of reflection states that the angles of incidence and reflection will always be </em><em><u>congruent</u></em><em> (option B)
</em>
<em>2) If light passes from a gas to a liquid, it will </em><em><u>slow down</u></em><em> causing it to bend </em><em><u>toward</u></em><em> the source (option C).
</em>
<em>3) Light travels fastest through a </em><em><u>vacuum</u></em><em> </em><em>because </em><em><u>particles are unobstructed since there are no media</u></em><em> (option d).
</em>
<em>4) Why do we see objects in color? </em><em>Some wavelengths of light are reflected and some are absorbed</em><em> (option d).
</em>
<em>5) How are we able to see objects? </em><em>Light is reflected</em><em> (option d).
</em>
<em>6) A ray of light passes from one medium to another and speeds up. As a result, it will bend </em><em>away from</em><em> the source of light (option c).
</em>
<em>7) When light passes from one medium to another, it bends. What is this called? </em><em>Refraction</em><em> (option b).
</em>
<em>8) Light hits a rough, textured surface. The beams split and reflect many different directions. This is called </em><em><u>diffusion</u></em><em> and will cause an image to </em><em>clear</em><em> (option b).</em>
Explanation:
1) Light reflection consists of the bouncing of a beam of light against a polished surface, such as a mirror. This produces: an incident beam of light, a reflected beam of light, a point of incidence and two angles produced by the incident and reflected beam.
<u>Since the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection it can be said that both are congruent</u>.
2) The <u>passage of a ray of light from one medium to another is called </u><u>refraction</u> and involves a change in the speed and direction of the ray, due to the change in density from one medium to another.
The passage of light from a gaseous medium (less dense) to a liquid medium (more dense) produces a decrease in its speed and a shorter angle of refraction than that of incidence, so that the light is observed closer to the source.
3) The speed of light in a vacuum will always be higher because it does not depend on factors such as electricity or magnetism that get in its way, it is estimated to be near 300k m/s -exactly 299.792,46 meters per second- and is a constant value.
Obviously, the speed of light in any medium, such as gas, liquid or gel, will be lower than the speed of light in a vacuum.
4) White or visible light consists of the combination of all the colours of the light spectrum, which when combined give the light a clear appearance. An example of this is the decomposition of white light when passing through a prism or a drop of water.
The ability to perceive colors is due to visible light reflected on an object, where each color has a different wavelength. In the same way, absorbed light beams will not be visible.
5) When light "hits" an object, the reflected waves make it possible for that object to be seen, which is more difficult when the object is transparent.
This action of light on objects also allows us to appreciate their characteristics, such as shape, size, texture and color, differentiating and recognizing them thanks to these characteristics.
6) Due to the refraction of light, the passage of a ray of light from a dense medium to one of lower density - as from a liquid medium to a gaseous medium - causes its speed to increase, while the angle of refraction will be greater.
As a consequence of the open angle of refraction, the refracted light will be observed far from the light source (it will bend away from the source of light).
7) Refraction is a physical phenomenon that consists of the variation of speed and direction that light acquires when it passes from one medium to another.
In general, the different media have differences in their densities, on which the changes that occur in the waves when they pass through them depend, which is called refractive index. This index is different in each case, and influences the direction and speed of propagation of a wave.
8) Light diffusion occurs when light hits an opaque and irregular surface, causing rays to be scattered in several directions. This usually produces an effect of lightness on the illuminated objects.
Unlike reflection, light diffusion has multiple points of incidence, which generate various angles, responsible for the scattering of light.
