Answer:
Number of moles = 2 mol
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of carbon = 24 g
Number of moles = ?
Solution:
Formula:
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Molar mass of carbon is 12 g/mol.
Now we will put the values in formula.
Number of moles = 24 g/ 12 g/mol
Number of moles = 2 mol
Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most common bleaching agents. It is the primary bleaching agent in the textile industry, and is also used in pulp, paper, and home laundry applications.
bleaching agent is a material that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. The bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade color systems. These processes may involve the destruction or modification of chromophoric groups in the substrate as well as the degradation of color bodies into smaller, more soluble units that are more easily removed in the bleaching process. The most common bleaching agents generally fall into two categories: chlorine and its related compounds (such as sodium hypochlorite) and the peroxygen bleaching agents, such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Reducing bleaches represent another category. Enzymes are a new category of bleaching agents. They are used for textile, paper, and pulp bleaching as well as for home laundering. Chlorine‐containing bleaching agents are the most cost‐effective bleaching agents known. They are also effective disinfectants, and water disinfection is often the largest use of many chlorine‐containing bleaching agents. They may be divided into four classes: chlorine, hypochlorites, N‐chloro compounds, and chlorine dioxide. Except to bleach wood pulp and flour, chlorine itself is rarely used as a bleaching agent. The principal form of hypochlorite produced is sodium hypochlorite. Other hypochlorites include calcium hypochlorite and bleach liquor, bleaching powder and tropical bleach. The principal solid chlorine bleaching agents are the chlorinated isocyanurates, eg, sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate. Other N‐chloro compounds include halogenated hydantoins, and sodium N‐chlorobenzenesulfonamide (chloramine B). Chlorine dioxide is a gas that is more hazardous than chlorine. Large amounts for pulp bleaching are made by several processes in which sodium chlorate is reduced with chloride, methanol, or sulfur dioxide in highly acidic solutions by complex reactions. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most common bleaching agents. It is the primary bleaching agent in the textile industry, and is also used in pulp, paper, and home laundry applications. Hydrogen peroxide reacts with many compounds, such as borates, carbonates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, etc, to give peroxy compounds or peroxyhydrates. Peracids have superior cold water bleaching capability versus hydrogen peroxide because of the greater electrophilicity of the peracid peroxygen moiety. Lower wash temperatures and phosphate reductions or bans in detergent systems account for the recent utilization and vast literature of peracids in textile bleaching. The reducing agents generally used in bleaching include sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, bisulfites, sulfites, hydrosulfite (dithionites), sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde, and sodium borohydride. These materials are used mainly in pulp and textile bleaching.
<span>Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) --> CaSO4 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Ca2+ (aq) + 2NO3- (aq) + 2 Na+ (aq) + SO4 (aq) --> CaSO4 (s) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2NO3- (aq)
cancel out spectator ions
Ca2+ (aq) + SO4 (aq) ---> CaSO4 (s hope it helps</span>
<span>Answer: 0.00649M
The question is incomplete,
</span>
<span>You are told that the first ionization of the sulfuric acid is complete and the second ionization of the sulfuric acid has a constant Ka₂ = 0.012
</span>
<span>
With that you can solve the question following these steps"
</span>
<span>1) First ionization:
</span>
<span>
H₂SO₄(aq) --> H⁺ (aq) + HSO₄⁻ (aq)
Under the fully ionization assumption the concentration of HSO4- is the same of the acid = 0.01 M
2) Second ionization
</span>
<span>HSO₄⁻ (aq) ⇄ H⁺ + SO₄²⁻ with a Ka₂ = 0.012
</span>
<span>Do the mass balance:
</span>
<span><span> HSO₄⁻ (aq) H⁺ SO₄²⁻</span>
</span>
<span /><span /><span> 0.01 M - x x x
</span><span>Ka₂ = [H⁺] [SO₄²⁻] / [HSO₄⁻]</span>
<span /><span>
=> Ka₂ = (x²) / (0.01 - x) = 0.012
</span><span />
<span>3) Solve the equation:
</span><span>x² = 0.012(0.01 - x) = 0.00012 - 0.012x</span>
<span /><span>
x² + 0.012x - 0.0012 = 0
</span><span />
<span>Using the quadratic formula: x = 0.00649
</span><span />
<span>So, the requested concentratioN is [SO₄²⁻] = 0.00649M</span>
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