Question

Identify the compounds that are soluble in both water and hexane. identify the compounds that are soluble in both water and hexane. 1-propanol and 1-pentanol 1-butanol and 1-pentanol ethanol and 1-butanol ethanol and 1-propanol methanol and 1-butanol

Answer 1

$\boxed{{\text{Ethanol and 1 - propanol}}}$ are soluble in both water and hexane.

Further explanation:

The property of any substance (solute) that makes it able to dissolve in other solvents or substances is known as solubility. It depends on the physical and chemical properties of both solute and solvent. The solute is the component that is present in a smaller amount while the solvent is present in a larger amount. The solubility is generally determined by the principle of “like dissolves like”.

Hexane is a non-polar hydrocarbon consisting of six carbon atoms linked to each other in a straight chain. Water is a polar solvent due to the presence of a highly electronegative oxygen atom in it.

Alcohols have the general formula of ROH, where R represents the carbon chains or rings attached to the hydroxyl functional group. So alcohols have both polar as well as non-polar parts in them.

Smaller alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol are soluble in water due to their hydroxyl groups. These can form hydrogen bonds with water and becomes soluble in it. But larger alcohols have a large, non-polar part which is hydrophobic in nature. So larger alcohols like pentanol, hexanol, heptanol and octanol become insoluble in water. Due to the presence of large non-polar parts in higher members of alcohol, these are also soluble in hexane.

1-propanol is alcohol consisting of three carbon atoms while 1-pentanol has five carbon atoms. So 1-propanol is soluble in water but 1-pentanol is soluble in hexane only.

1-butanol is an alcohol having four carbon atoms whereas 1-pentanol has five carbon atoms. So 1-butanol is slightly soluble in water but 1-pentanol is soluble in hexane only.

Ethanol is the alcohol of two carbon atoms and 1-butanol has four carbon atoms. Ethanol is soluble in water but 1-butanol is slightly soluble in water.

Ethanol is the alcohol of two carbon atoms and 1-propanol has three carbon atoms. Both also contain a non-polar hydrophobic end in them so these are soluble in both water and hexane.

Methanol is the alcohol of one carbon atom while 1-butanol has four carbon atoms in it. Methanol is highly soluble in water but 1-butanol is only slightly soluble in water.

Learn more:

1. Identification of ionic bonding: brainly.com/question/1603987
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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Chapter: Solubility

Subject: Chemistry

Keywords: polar, non-polar, water, hexane, ethanol, 1-propanol, methanol, alcohols, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, soluble, insoluble, like dissolves like.

Answer 2

The correct answer would be the fourth option. The compounds ethanol and 1-propanol are soluble to both water and hexane. Ethanol and 1-propanol are completely soluble in water as they both contain a polar end due to the hydrogen bonding present in the -OH functional group. Both are soluble in hexane since both contains a non polar end, the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain. Solubility of alcohols varies increasingly as the hydrocarbon chain increases since it makes them more non polar. However, for branched molecules, non polar properties would decrease. So, the best option from the list of choices would be ethanol and 1-propanol.