Answer:
Light refracts whenever it travels at an angle into a substance with a different refractive index (optical density). This change of direction is caused by a change in speed. ... When light enters a more dense substance (higher refractive index), it 'bends' more towards the normal line.
Answer:

Explanation:
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In this case, since the modelling of titration problems can be approached via the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to set up a relationship between pH, pKa and the concentration of the acid and its conjugate base, we can write:
![pH=pKa+log(\frac{[NO_2^-]}{[HNO_2]} )](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3DpKa%2Blog%28%5Cfrac%7B%5BNO_2%5E-%5D%7D%7B%5BHNO_2%5D%7D%20%29)
Whereas the pH is given as 3.14 and the concentrations are the same, that is why the pH would be equal to the pKa as the logarithm gets 0 (log(1)=0); thus, we can calculate the Ka via:

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Here this might help you added the website link:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html
Answer:
metallic bonding
because it ids good conductor of electricity