Vanillin is the common name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.
See attached figure for the structure.
Vanillin have 3 functional groups:
1) aldehyde group: R-HC=O, in which the carbon is double bonded to oxygen
2) phenolic hydroxide group: R-OH, were the hydroxyl group is bounded to a carbon from the benzene ring
3) ether group: R-O-R, were hydrogen is bounded through sigma bonds to carbons
Now for the hybridization we have:
The carbon atoms involved in the benzene ring and the red carbon atom (from the aldehyde group) have a <u>sp²</u> hybridization because they are involved in double bonds.
The carbon atom from the methoxy group (R-O-CH₃) and the blue oxygen's have a <u>sp³</u> hybridization because they are involved only in single bonds.
Answer:
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he required empirical formula based on the data provided is Na2CO3.H2O.
<h3>What is empirical formula?</h3>
The term empirical formula refers to the formula of a compound which shows the ratio of each specie present.
We have the following;
Mass of sodium = 37.07-g
Mass of carbonate = 48.39 g
Mass of water = 14.54-g
Number of moles of sodium = 37.07-g/23 g/mol = 2 moles
Number of moles of carbonate = 48.39 g/61 g/mol = 1 mole
Number of moles of water = 14.54/18 g/mol = 1 mole
The mole ratio is 2 : 1: 1
Hence, the required empirical formula is Na2CO3.H2O
Learn more about empirical formula : brainly.com/question/11588623
A conductor is what helps heat or electricity pass through an object. Examples of conductors are, silver, iron, aluminum, etc..
An insulator does the opposite and instead, stops either from going through. Examples of an insulator is paper, wood, rubber, etc.