Functional group and bond hybridization of vanillin
1 answer:
Vanillin is the common name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.
See attached figure for the structure.
Vanillin have 3 functional groups:
1) aldehyde group: R-HC=O, in which the carbon is double bonded to oxygen
2) phenolic hydroxide group: R-OH, were the hydroxyl group is bounded to a carbon from the benzene ring
3) ether group: R-O-R, were hydrogen is bounded through sigma bonds to carbons
Now for the hybridization we have:
The carbon atoms involved in the benzene ring and the red carbon atom (from the aldehyde group) have a <u>sp²</u> hybridization because they are involved in double bonds.
The carbon atom from the methoxy group (R-O-CH₃) and the blue oxygen's have a <u>sp³</u> hybridization because they are involved only in single bonds.
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Answer:-
As we can see from the graphical data,
The distance covered by all the four runners is the same 5 km.
Among the four athletes, Athlete P covers the distance in under three hours.
It is the minimum time taken among the four athletes.
Thus Athlete P covers the 5 km distance in the minimum amount of time.
We know that speed =
Since time taken for P is minimum, his speed is the maximum. P ran the fastest.
Time taken by Q = 4.5 hours.
Speed of Q =
=
= 1.1 km/ hr
Time taken by R = 6 hours.
Speed of R =
=
= 0.8 km/ hr