Answer:
They reduce the bond angle to be slightly lower than the tetrahedral bond angle, approximately 104.45 degrees.
Explanation:
The unshared pair of electrons or lone pair electrons in order to have the minimum repulsion possible with each other pushes the other bonding pairs closer together making the bond angle smaller or bent.
The bond angle is slightly lower than the tetrahedral bond angle of 108 degrees, leaving the water molecule with a bent molecular geometry.
When calcium joins with calcium its follows the following equation:
2Ca + O2 = 2CaO
hope that helps
Inclined planes reduce the amount of effort needed to move an object, but increases the length of the ramp.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Mechanical advantage is the measure of amount of effort needed to move an object. The mechanical advantage can be calculated as the ratio of length of ramp to the height of ramp for an inclined plane.
As it is known that an object can be easily moved on an inclined plane than on a vertical plane, this is because, the inclined plane provides greater output force. But in that case, the effort required will be reduced with the cost of increasing the distance of the movement of object.
In other terms , the ramp's length of inclined planes has to get increased in order to reduce the amount of effort needed to move an object. This is because as the mechanical advantage has length of the ramp in the numerator, with the increase in numerator value or length value the mechanical advantage will also increase.
When you use exponents, think of it like this. 1 squared is 1 x 1. 1 cubed is 1 x 1 x 1. And 1 to the power of 4 is 1 x 1 x 1 x 1. And so on. You basically just multiply them by themselves. 0 to the power of any exponent is 1, well that's just a rule. It doesn't make much sense but it's easy to remember and I wouldn't worry about it.
