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raketka [301]
3 years ago
9

When an atom forms a positive ion (by losing electrons). Will the radius of an ion change from the radius of an atom? Explain wi

th the example of Sodium atom (Atomic no. 11) and Sodium ion.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Colt1911 [192]3 years ago
8 0

Radius of the positive ion will be smaller than the radius of its parent atom.

<h3>Explanation</h3>

Sodium Na has atomic number 11. A neutral Na atom has 11 electrons. It has

  • 2 electrons in the first main shell,
  • 8 electrons in the second main shell, and
  • 1 electron in the third main shell.

Na tends to lose one electron. It would form an Na⁺ ion. The ion is positive and has ten electrons. It has

  • 2 electrons in the first main shell, and
  • 8 electrons in the second main shell.

Three of the main shells of Na contain electrons. Only two main shells contain electrons in Na⁺. The energy of the second main shell is higher than the first. It is more distant from the nucleus than the first electron shell. Similarly, the third main shell is further away from the nucleus than the second.

The outermost shell in Na is the third main shell. The outermost shell in Na⁺ is the second main shell. As a result, the outermost electrons in Na are further away from the nucleus that electrons in Na⁺. As a result, the radius of Na appears to be larger than that of Na⁺.

When an atom loses electrons to form a positive cation, it tends to lose all electron in its outermost shell (the valence shell). That will give the ion an octet, which is more stable than having one or two electrons left in the valence shell. The rule on Na shall still apply. The positive ion will have one less main shell; its radius shall be smaller than that of the parent atom.

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How would the pH value of an aqueous solution change, when the hydronium ion concentration is increased by a factor of 10?
Anna71 [15]

Answer:

Increasing H⁺ by 10x => pH decreases by 1 unit

Explanation:

In general, adding H⁺ ions to any aqueous solution ALWAYS causes pH values to fall ( decrease ). Just as adding OH⁻ ions to an aqueous solution causes pH values to rise ( increase ).

Here's a simple calculation demonstrating this...

Given 0.01M HCl(aq) => 0.01M H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) => pH = -log(0.01) = 2.00

Increase [H⁺] by 10x => 0.10M H⁺(aq) => pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(0.10) = 1.00

Solution with higher H⁺ concentration shows <u>pH decreasing by 1 unit.</u>

______________________________________________________-

Just to support the above statement about adding OH⁻ ions showing an increase in pH values, the following is also provided FYI ..

Given 0.01M NaOH(aq) => 0.01M OH⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) => pOH = -log(0.01) = 2.00 => pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2 = 12

Increase [OH⁻] by 10x => 0.10M OH⁻(aq) => pOH = -log[OH⁻] = -log(0.10) = 1.00 => pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 1 = 13

Increasing [OH⁻] by 10x => <u>increasing pH by 1 unit. </u>

Solution with higher H⁺ concentration shows pH decreasing by 1 unit.

______________________________________________________

Remember, for <u>any</u> aqueous solution ...

=> Adding H⁺   => always decreases pH

=> Adding OH⁻ => always increases pH

4 0
3 years ago
Which set of quantum numbers cannot specify an orbital?.
vodomira [7]

Answer: n=2,l=1,ml=1 n=3,l=2,ml=0 n=3,l=3,ml=2 n=4,l=2,ml=0.

Explanation:

hope it helps

5 0
2 years ago
An aqueous salt solution is 15.0% mass sodium chloride. How many grams of salt are in 250.0 grams of this solution? Use correct
Shtirlitz [24]

Answer:

37.5 g NaCl

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

  • Concentration of NaCl: 15.0% m/m
  • Mass of the solution: 250.0 g

Step 2: Calculate how many grams of NaCl are in 250.0 g of solution

The concentration of NaCl is 15.0% by mass, that is, there are 15.0 g of NaCl every 100 g of solution.

250.0 g Solution × 15.0 g NaCl/100 g Solution = 37.5 g NaCl

5 0
3 years ago
What is the ph value of water and salt?
Andreyy89
The ph value of water is 7 but a salt which is  derived from a weak acid will be less than 7 and a salt which is derived from a base will be above 7.

3 0
3 years ago
What properties do atoms of the same element share? Select all that apply.
Tcecarenko [31]
I believe A is you’re answer
6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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