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raketka [301]
3 years ago
9

When an atom forms a positive ion (by losing electrons). Will the radius of an ion change from the radius of an atom? Explain wi

th the example of Sodium atom (Atomic no. 11) and Sodium ion.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Colt1911 [192]3 years ago
8 0

Radius of the positive ion will be smaller than the radius of its parent atom.

<h3>Explanation</h3>

Sodium Na has atomic number 11. A neutral Na atom has 11 electrons. It has

  • 2 electrons in the first main shell,
  • 8 electrons in the second main shell, and
  • 1 electron in the third main shell.

Na tends to lose one electron. It would form an Na⁺ ion. The ion is positive and has ten electrons. It has

  • 2 electrons in the first main shell, and
  • 8 electrons in the second main shell.

Three of the main shells of Na contain electrons. Only two main shells contain electrons in Na⁺. The energy of the second main shell is higher than the first. It is more distant from the nucleus than the first electron shell. Similarly, the third main shell is further away from the nucleus than the second.

The outermost shell in Na is the third main shell. The outermost shell in Na⁺ is the second main shell. As a result, the outermost electrons in Na are further away from the nucleus that electrons in Na⁺. As a result, the radius of Na appears to be larger than that of Na⁺.

When an atom loses electrons to form a positive cation, it tends to lose all electron in its outermost shell (the valence shell). That will give the ion an octet, which is more stable than having one or two electrons left in the valence shell. The rule on Na shall still apply. The positive ion will have one less main shell; its radius shall be smaller than that of the parent atom.

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What type of bonding exists between the carbon atoms to create diamond ?
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Answer:

Covalent bonds.

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5 0
2 years ago
1. Silver nitrate will react with aluminum metal, yielding aluminum nitrate and silver metal. If you start with 0.223 moles of a
Archy [21]

Answer:

Explanation:

1)

Given data:

Number of moles of aluminium = 0.223 mol

Mass of silver produced = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

3AgNO₃  +   Al  →  3Ag + Al(NO₃)₃

Now we will compare the moles of Al with silver.

                               Al           :            Ag

                                1            :             3

                                0.223   :         3×0.223= 0.669 mol

Grams of silver:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.669 mol × 107.87 g/mol

Mass = 72.2 g

2)

Given data:

Number of moles of mercury(II) oxide produced = 3.12 mol

Mass of mercury = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2Hg + O₂  →   2HgO

Now we will compare the moles of mercury with mercury(II) oxide.

                         HgO         :         Hg

                            2            :          2

                          3.12          :       3.12

Mass of Hg:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 3.12 mol × 200.59 g/mol

Mass = 625.84 g

3)

Given data:

Number of moles of dinitrogen pentoxide = 12.99 mol

Mass of oxygen = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2N₂  + 5O₂   →  2N₂O₅

Now we will compare the moles of N₂O₅ with oxygen.

                 N₂O₅          :           O₂

                     2            :             5

                    12.99      :         5/2×12.99 = 32.48 mol

Mass of oxygen:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 32.48 mol × 32 g/mol

Mass = 1039.36 g

4)

Given data:

Number of moles of benzene = 0.103 mol

Mass of carbon dioxide = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2C₆H₆  + 15O₂   →  12CO₂ + 6H₂O

Now we will compare the moles of N₂O₅ with oxygen.

                  C₆H₆         :           CO₂

                     2            :             12

                    0.103      :         12/2×0.103 = 0.618 mol

Mass of carbon dioxide:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.618 mol × 44 g/mol

Mass = 27.192 g

3 0
3 years ago
To whoever helps me thank you so much have a wonderful day!
Schach [20]

Answer:

N and P

Explanation:

Anion:

When an atom gain the electrons anion is formed. The negative sign shows that atom gain electron because number of electron are greater than protons or we can say that negative charge becomes greater than positive charge.

Cation:

When atom lose electron cation is formed. The atom thus have positive charge because number of positive charge i.e protons are increased are greater than negative charge or electron.

In given problem N and phosphorus both can gain three electrons which means negative charge becomes greater that's why the extra electron gained by atoms are written as -3 and both form anion with charge -3.

while Al form cation with charge +3 Mg form cation with charge +2 and iodine and bromine both form anion with charge of -1.

8 0
2 years ago
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