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raketka [301]
3 years ago
9

When an atom forms a positive ion (by losing electrons). Will the radius of an ion change from the radius of an atom? Explain wi

th the example of Sodium atom (Atomic no. 11) and Sodium ion.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Colt1911 [192]3 years ago
8 0

Radius of the positive ion will be smaller than the radius of its parent atom.

<h3>Explanation</h3>

Sodium Na has atomic number 11. A neutral Na atom has 11 electrons. It has

  • 2 electrons in the first main shell,
  • 8 electrons in the second main shell, and
  • 1 electron in the third main shell.

Na tends to lose one electron. It would form an Na⁺ ion. The ion is positive and has ten electrons. It has

  • 2 electrons in the first main shell, and
  • 8 electrons in the second main shell.

Three of the main shells of Na contain electrons. Only two main shells contain electrons in Na⁺. The energy of the second main shell is higher than the first. It is more distant from the nucleus than the first electron shell. Similarly, the third main shell is further away from the nucleus than the second.

The outermost shell in Na is the third main shell. The outermost shell in Na⁺ is the second main shell. As a result, the outermost electrons in Na are further away from the nucleus that electrons in Na⁺. As a result, the radius of Na appears to be larger than that of Na⁺.

When an atom loses electrons to form a positive cation, it tends to lose all electron in its outermost shell (the valence shell). That will give the ion an octet, which is more stable than having one or two electrons left in the valence shell. The rule on Na shall still apply. The positive ion will have one less main shell; its radius shall be smaller than that of the parent atom.

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Two categories of compounds are
crimeas [40]

Answer is: (3) ionic and molecular.

Ionic compounds are made of ions held together with ionic bonds.

Ionic bond forms when a cation transfers its extra electron to an anion who needs it.  

For example compound magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) has ionic bond (the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions).  

Magnesium (metal) transfers two electrons (became positive cation) to chlorine (became negative anion).  

Molecular compounds are made up of molecules whose atoms are connected with covalent bonds.

Covalent bond is bond between nonmetals.  

For example, molecule carbon monoxide CO has covalent bond.

Carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are nonmetals.  

Carbon atom and oxygen atom are connected by a triple bond (six shared electrons in three bonding molecular orbitals) that is formed of two covalent bonds and one dative covalent bond.  

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which one of the following questions about animals called affairs, pictured above, is the scientific question?
tino4ka555 [31]

The answer is B...

because any of the others could have an opinion based answer but B will always be the same its a fact not opinion.

3 0
3 years ago
An unknown radioactive substance has a half-life of 3.20hours . If 46.2g of the substance is currently present, what mass A0 was
iogann1982 [59]

Answer:

a) a0 was 46.2 grams

b) It will take 259 years

c) The fossil is 1845 years old

Explanation:

<em>An unknown radioactive substance has a half-life of 3.20hours . If 46.2g of the substance is currently present, what mass A0 was present 8.00 hours ago?</em>

A = A0 * (1/2)^(t/h)

⇒ with A = the final amount = 46.2 grams

⇒ A0 = the original amount

⇒ t = time = 8 hours

⇒ h = half-life time = 3.2 hours

46.2 = Ao*(1/2)^(8/3.2)

Ao = 261.35 grams

<em>Americium-241 is used in some smoke detectors. It is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 432 years. How long will it take in years for 34.0% of an Am-241 sample to decay?</em>  

t = (ln(0.66))-0.693) * 432 = 259 years

It will take 259 years

<em>A fossil was analyzed and determined to have a carbon-14 level that is 80% that of living organisms. The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years. How old is the fossil?</em>

<em />

t = (ln(0.80))-0.693) * 5730 = 1845

The fossil is 1845 years old

7 0
3 years ago
What type of reaction is NaCl to Na + Cl2
podryga [215]
Info: NACl2<span> might be an improperly capitalized: </span>NaCl2<span>. Balanced equation: NA + Cl2 = </span>NACl<span>2. </span>Reaction type<span>: synthesis. Please tell about this free chemistry ...</span>
3 0
3 years ago
HELP! An atom of vanadium
Zigmanuir [339]

An atom of vanadium (V)  has 23 electrons.

Given :

A vanadium (V) atom with 23 protons and has a net charge of 0.

To find:

The number of electrons in a vanadium atom

Solution:

Number of protons in vanadium atom = 23

The 0 net charge on the atom indicates that the atom has an equal number of protons and electrons which makes it a neutral atom.

Number of electrons in vanadium atom = Number of protons in vanadium atom = 23

An atom of vanadium (V)  has 23 electrons.

Learn more about subatomic particles here:

brainly.com/question/7221719?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/489853?referrer=searchResults

6 0
2 years ago
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