Discrete systems are those systems in which are made up of finite component particles a which are non-homogeneously arranged such that no smooth variation exists. It is such that all constituent particles have properties which vary randomly. They are direct opposite to continuous systems, which are smooth arrangement of particles which cannot be individually taken into consideration.
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Answer:
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Answer:
D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
Explanation:
When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
Answer:
its The rolling friction is greater than the force of the car’s weight against the hill.
and A force was required to start the car rolling.
Explanation:
Answer:
If the particle is an electron 
If the particle is a proton, 
Explanation:
Initial speed at the origin, 
to +ve x-axis
The particle crosses the x-axis at , x = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m
The particle can either be an electron or a proton:
Mass of an electron, 
Mass of a proton, 
The electric field intensity along the positive y axis 
, can be given by the formula:
If the particle is an electron:
If the particle is a proton:
