Explanation:
Charles' law gives the relationship between the volume and the temperature of the gas. Mathematically,
Volume ∝ Temperature
i.e. 
We have, V₁ = 1.6 L, T₁ = 278 K, T₂ = 253, V₂=?

So, the new volume is 1.45 L.
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Answer:
Radiation
Explanation:
Sun rays shine on earth. Thats radiation.
Answer:
The specific heat capacity of a metal is 1.31 J/g°C = C
Explanation:
A classical excersise of calorimetry to apply this formula:
Q = m . C . ΔT
177.5 J = 15 g . C (34°C - 25°C)
177.5 J = 15g . 9°C . C
177.5 J /15g . 9°C = C
1.31 J/g°C = C