Answer:
11. b.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis stores energy in carbohydrates, cellular respiration releases energy from carbohydrates.
Glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, is a carbohydrate.
Write out the equations:
<u>Photosynthesis</u>
carbon dioxide + water + light energy => oxygen + glucose/sugar
CO₂ + H₂O + light => O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆
The carbohydrate is stored in the plant until it needs it, like to perform cellular respiration.
<u>Cellular Respiration</u>
oxygen + glucose/sugar => carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy
O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ => CO₂ + H₂O + ATP
The carbohydrate is used to make energy. Energy is released from carbohydrates.
Glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, is a carbohydrate.
Fault in other options:
a. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both occur in plants. Plants have mitochondria for cellular respiration.
c. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide.
d. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, cellular respiration uses oxygen.
Answer:
d. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Explanation:
Dental caries results when cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria metabolize carbohydrates or sugars present in the mouth for their energy needs, producing organic acids as byproducts, thus lowering the pH of the plaque biofilm.
The hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is composed mainly of phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and calcium ions (Ca⁺). Under normal conditions, there is a stable equilibrium between the calcium and phosphate ions in saliva and the crystalline hydroxyapatite. At low pH (acidic conditions), there is a shift in equilibrium resulting in the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from tooth enamel, a process known as demineralization. A reverse process called remineralization (the process of incorporation of minerals in tooth enamel) occurs when the saliva, acting as a buffer elevates pH. When equilibrium is shifted to favor continued demineralization, dental caries results.
However, when fluoride is present in saliva, fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the remineralization process as fluoride ions replace hydroxyl groups in the formation of the apatite crystal lattice.
Fluorapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistant to demineralization, even under conditions of low pH. Thus, fluoride acts as an effective anticaries agent.
In order to answer this, you will need to set up a Punett Square (I have attached a picture).
Since Rr is the genotype of round seeds, we know that round must be dominant to wrinkled, and therefore represented by the allele, R.
Since rr is the genotype of wrinkled seeds, we know that wrinkled must be the recessive trait, and there represented by the allele, r.
Since the Punnett Square shows that the genotype ratio is 2Rr : 2rr, or simplified, 1Rr : 1rr, we now know that there is a
50% chance the offspring will have wrinkled seeds.
Viruses are bundles of genetic material enclosed in a capsid.
