Which of the following are all desirable properties of a hydraulic fluid? a. good heat transfer capability, low viscosity, high
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Answer:
Explanation:
given,
mass = 2.2 kg
altitude(r₀) = (70 j) m
speed = 30 m/s
m_a = 0.77 kg
m_b =1.43 kg
part A strike ground (r_a)= (80 i) m
t = 6 s
r = 63.6 j m
by conservation of energy
Based on the Chvorinov's rule, the diference in the <em>solidification</em> times of the two castings is 14.092 times the <em>solidification</em> time of the prism casting.
<h3>How to apply the Chvorinov's rule for casting processes</h3>
The Chvorinov's rule is an empirical method to estimate the cooling time of a casting in terms of a <em>reference</em> time. This rule states that cooling time (<em>t</em>) is directly proportional to the square of the volume (<em>V</em>), in cubic meters, divided to the surface area (<em>A</em>), in square meters. Now we proceed to model each casting:
<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>t = C · [0.25π · D² · L/(0.5π · D² + π · D · L)]²
t = C · [0.25 · D · L/(0.5 · D + L)]² (1)
<h3>Prism casting</h3>t' = C · [3 · T² · L/(6 · T · L + 2 · T · L + 6 · T²)]²
t' = C · [3 · T · L/(8 · L + 6 · T)]² (2)
<h3>Relationship between the cross sections of both castings</h3>3 · T² = 0.25π · D² (3)
Where:
- <em>t</em> - Cooling time of the cylindrical casting, in time unit.
- <em>t'</em> - Cooling time of the prism casting, in time unit.
- <em>C</em> - Cooling factor, in time unit per square meter.
- <em>D</em> - Diameter of the cylinder, in meters.
- <em>L</em> - Length of the casting, in meters.
- <em>T</em> - Width of the cross section of the prism casting, in meters.
If we know that <em>D =</em> <em>0.3 m</em>, then the thickness of the prism casting is:
<em>T ≈ 0.153 m</em>
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And (1) and (2) simplified into these forms:
<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>t = C · {0.25π · (0.3 m) · (0.5 m)/[0.5 · (0.3 m) + 0.5 m]}²
t = 0.0329 · C (1b)
<h3>Prism casting</h3>t' = C · {3 · (0.153 m) · (0.5 m)/[8 · (0.5 m) + 6 · (0.153 m)]}²
t' = 0.00218 · C (2b)
Lastly we find the <em>percentual</em> difference in the solidification times of the two castings by using the following expression:
<em>r = (</em>1 <em>- t'/t) ×</em> 100 %
<em>r = (</em>1 <em>-</em> 0.00218<em>/</em>0.0329<em>) ×</em> 100 %
<em>r =</em> 93.374 %
The <em>cooling</em> time of the <em>prism</em> casting is 6.626 % of the <em>solidification</em> time of the <em>cylindrical</em> casting. The diference in the <em>solidification</em> times of the two castings is 14.092 times the <em>solidification</em> time of the <em>prism</em> casting.
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