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gladu [14]
3 years ago
14

For an Otto cycle, plot the cycle efficiency as a function of compression ratio from 4 to 16.

Engineering
1 answer:
Elza [17]3 years ago
5 0

Assumptions:

  • Steady state.
  • Air as working fluid.
  • Ideal gas.
  • Reversible process.
  • Ideal Otto Cycle.

Explanation:

Otto cycle is a thermodynamic cycle widely used in automobile engines, in which an amount of gas (air) experiences changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The cycle is composed by (following the P-V diagram):

  • Intake <em>0-1</em>: the mass of working fluid is drawn into the piston at a constant pressure.
  • Adiabatic compression <em>1-2</em>: the mass of working fluid is compressed isentropically from State 1 to State 2 through compression ratio (r).

        r =\frac{V_1}{V_2}

  • Ignition 2-3: the volume remains constant while heat is added to the mass of gas.
  • Expansion 3-4: the working fluid does work on the piston due to the high pressure within it, thus the working fluid reaches the maximum volume through the compression ratio.

         r = \frac{V_4}{V_3} = \frac{V_1}{V_2}

  • Heat Rejection 4-1: heat is removed from the working fluid as the pressure drops instantaneously.
  • Exhaust 1-0: the working fluid is vented to the atmosphere.

If the system produces enough work, the automobile and its occupants will propel. On the other hand, the efficiency of the Otto Cycle is defined as follows:

           \eta = 1-(\frac{1}{r^{\gamma - 1} } )

where:

           \gamma = \frac{C_{p} }{C_{v}} : specific heat ratio

Ideal air is the working fluid, as stated before, for which its specific heat ratio can be considered constant.

           \gamma = 1.4

Answer:

See image attached.

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Answer:

The pressure difference across hatch of the submarine is 3217.68 kpa.

Explanation:

Gauge pressure is the pressure above the atmospheric pressure. If we consider gauge pressure for finding pressure differential then no need to consider atmospheric pressure as they will cancel out. According to hydrostatic law, pressure varies in the z direction only.  

Given:

Height of the hatch is 320 m

Surface gravity of the sea water is 1.025.

Density of water 1000 kg/m³.

Calculation:

Step1

Density of sea water is calculated as follows:

S.G=\frac{\rho_{sw}}{\rho_{w}}

Here, density of sea water is\rho_{sw}, surface gravity is S.G and density of water is \rho_{w}.

Substitute all the values in the above equation as follows:

S.G=\frac{\rho_{sw}}{\rho_{w}}

1.025=\frac{\rho_{sw}}{1000}

\rho_{sw}=1025 kg/m³.

Step2

Difference in pressure is calculated as follows:

\bigtriangleup p=rho_{sw}gh

\bigtriangleup p=1025\times9.81\times320

\bigtriangleup p=3217680 pa.

Or

\bigtriangleup p=(3217680pa)(\frac{1kpa}{100pa})

\bigtriangleup p=3217.68 kpa.

Thus, the pressure difference across hatch of the submarine is 3217.68 kpa.

6 0
3 years ago
Solar energy stored in large bodies of water, called solar ponds, is being used to generate electricity. If such a solar power p
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Answer: 1.137*10^7 Btu/h.

Explanation:

Given data:

Efficiency of the plant = 4.5percent

Net power output of the plant = 150kw

Solution:

The required collection rate

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= 150/0.045 * 0.94782/ 1 /60 */60 Btu/h.

= 3333.333 *3412.152Btu/h.

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Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image.

Answer:

The answer is shown on the second uploaded image

Explanation:

The explanation is also shown on the second uploaded image

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To revise a monthly budget, changes in which categories might need to be addressed? Check all that apply.
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Income

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3 years ago
The ice on the rear window of an automobile is defrosted by attaching a thin, transparent, film type heating element to its inne
pshichka [43]

Answer:

A)Q = 1208.33 W/m²

B)K = 0.138 W/m.K

Explanation:

We are given;

inside air temperature;T_∞,i =25 °C = 25 + 273 = 298K

outside air temperature;T_∞,o = -10°C = - 10 + 273 = 263K

Inner surface temperature;T_s,i = 15 °C = 15 + 273 = 288K

Thickness, L = 4mm = 0.004m

convection heat transfer coefficient ; hi = 25 W/(m².K)

A) From an energy balance at the inner surface and the thermal circuit, the electric power required per unit window area is given as;

Q = [(T_s,i - T_∞,o)/((L/k) + (1/hi))] - [(T_∞,o - T_s,i)/(1/hi)]

Plugging in the relevant values with k for glass as 1.4 W/m.k, we have;

Q = [(288 - 263)/((0.004/1.4) + (1/25))] - [(263 - 288)/(1/25)]

Q = 583.33 + 625

Q = 1208.33 W/m²

B) The formula for thermal conductivity is;

K = (QL)/(AΔT)

Where;

K is the thermal conductivity in W/m.K

Q is the amount of heat transferred through the material

L is the distance between the two isothermal planes

A is the area of the surface in square meters

ΔT is the difference in temperature in Kelvin

ΔT = 298K - 263K = 35K

Now, since we have value of heat per unit area to be Q = 1208.33 W/m², let's rearrange the equation to reflect that; Thus ;

k = (Q/A) x (L/ΔT)

K = 1208.33 x (0.004/35)

K = 0.138 W/m.K

5 0
3 years ago
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