Answer:
Three different ways in which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of new viruses are:
- Inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme in both nucleoside analogues and non-nucleoside analogues.
- Enzymatic inhibition of integrase enzymes.
- Inhibiting entry by antagonizing CCR5 co-receptors.
Explanation:
Antiretroviral drugs are those used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, making the effect of the virus on the host cell is less and preventing the development of AIDS.
This type of drug has been classified, according to their mechanism of action, being grouped into several families of drugs. Three different ways by which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of virus are:
- <em><u>Inhibition of reverse transcriptase enzyme</u></em><em>: this enzyme is a DNA polymerase capable of forming single strand viral RNA by a process that is reverse to normal DNA to RNA transcription. Its inhibition prevents the formation of viral particles in the host cell. They are divided into nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside analogs.</em>
- <em><u>Enzymatic Inhibition of Integrase enzymes</u></em><em>: this type of enzyme is contained in the virus, and is capable of causing a retrotranscribed DNA to integrate into the host cell's DNA so that viral replication occurs. Its inhibition prevents the replication process.</em>
- <em><u>Entry inhibitors or antagonists CCR5 co-receptors</u></em><em>: CCr5 is a membrane protein, found on the surface of CD4 T lymphocytes, which facilitates the entry of the virus into the cell. The drug acts as a competitive inhibitor of the viral particle, preventing the entry and infection of the host cell.</em>
The most effective treatments against HIV infection involve the use of two or more types of antiretroviral drugs.
<h2><u>
Answer:</u></h2>
Biology is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behaviour, origin, and distribution.
Branches of biology are different topics related to biology; for example the 3 major branches of biology are:
- Botany, also called plant science, plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field
- Zoology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.
- Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular, multicellular, or acellular. Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, parasitology, mycology and bacteriology.
Answer:
No,
Explanation:
glucose is a part of a process to energy and energy is nessesary to exersice. sure, the patient can exersice but not normally
It all begins with the hypothalamus, the gland responsible for regulating our body temperature and triggering the processes that balance the fluids in our bodies. When the hypothalamus detects too little water in our blood, it signals the release of an anti-diuretic hormone that causes the kidneys to remove less water from the blood. The result? We pee less, and when we do, our urine is more concentrated and darker in color. At this point the brain also tells us we’re thirsty, and once we sip on some water or consume something hydrating our water levels return to normal . Similarly, when our body temperature rises either from fever, working out, or being in a warm environment, our bodies try to lower our temperature by sweating: When sweat evaporates from our skin, it takes some heat with it, helping to cool us off.
