Answer: 25%
Explanation: bb are don't have a dominant trait to overmask it
Not all acid-catalyzed conversions of alcohols to alkyl halides proceed through the formation of carbocations. Primary alcohols and methanol react to form alkyl halides under acidic conditions by an SN2 mechanism.
Not all acid-catalyzed conversions of alcohols to alkyl halides proceed through the formation of carbocations. Primary alcohols and methanol react to form alkyl halides under acidic conditions by an SN2 mechanism.
In these reactions the function of the acid is to produce a protonated alcohol. The halide ion then displaces a molecule of water (a good leaving group) from carbon; this produces an alkyl halide:
Again, acid is required. Although halide ions (particularly iodide and bromide ions) are strong nucleophiles, they are not strong enough to carry out substitution reactions with alcohols themselves. Direct displacement of the hydroxyl group does not occur because the leaving group would have to be a strongly basic hydroxide ion:
We can see now why the reactions of alcohols with hydrogen halides are acid-promoted.
Carbocation rearrangements are extremely common in organic chemistry reactions are are defined as the movement of a carbocation from an unstable state to a more stable state through the use of various structural reorganizational "shifts" within the molecule. Once the carbocation has shifted over to a different carbon, we can say that there is a structural isomer of the initial molecule. However, this phenomenon is not as simple as it sounds.
<em>-</em><em> </em><em>BRAINLIEST</em><em> answerer</em>
Different radioactive nuclides decay into their respective daughter nuclides at distinct rates. Some of the nuclides decay briskly, while others decay gradually. The time it consumes for half of the parent nuclide in a radioactive sample to decay to the daughter nuclides is known as the half-life of the radioactive sample.
The nuclides, which decay briskly exhibit short half-lives and are very active. The half-life can be utilized to find the rates of radioactive decay. In the given question, the half-lives of various nuclides are given. So, the order to the most active (shortest half-life or largest number of decays per second) to least reactive (largest half-life or the smallest number of decays per second) is:
Tc-99m > Y-90 > In-111 > I-131
Answer:
Option (d) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium
Explanation:
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Sodium has just 1 electron in it's outmost shell and chlorine has 7.
Sodium needs 7 electrons to complete it's octet configuration and chlorine needs just 1.
Sodium can not attract 7 electrons to complete it's octet configuration instead it will easily lose the 1 electron in it's outmost shell to form cation. On the other hand, it will be difficult for chlorine to lose any of it's outmost electrons. This makes chlorine to have higher ionization energy than sodium.
Chlorofluorocarbons are a class of organic compounds that were used as propellants in the late 20th century. The problem with CFC's is that they attack the ozone layer, breaking it down. The weakened ozone layer is not able to stop UV light from reaching the earth, so the amount of UV light reaching the earth increases. This results in increased temperatures, and the death of vegetation.
Therefore, the answer is B.
