Through analysis of ice cores, scientists learn about glacial-interglacial cycles, changing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and climate stability over the last 10,000 years. Many ice cores have been drilled in Antarctica.
Aristotle
According to Aristotle "Happiness is the meaning and purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence"
<h3>What is Happiness ?</h3>
Happiness is a life that is being well led through virtue, living well and acting well.
- Happiness depends on ourselves.” More than anybody else, Aristotle enshrines happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself.
- Aristotle tells us that the most important factor in the effort to achieve happiness is to have a good moral character — what he calls “complete virtue.”
- But being virtuous is not a passive state: one must act in accordance with virtue.
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Answer:
A- A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape
Explanation:
A rise or fall in the pH of the medium from the optimum of pH 7 usually affect the enzymes' active sites of and therefore the shape and the rate of enzyme activity.
Assuming the pH is too low, the enzyme medium becomes acidic;Acidosis. The high Hydrogen ions concentration interacts with the R-groups of the amino acids moiety of the enzymes, this interaction affects the ionization of the R-groups, disrupting the ionic bonding holding these R-groups in shape.
This results in loss of the 3-Dimensional shape arrangements of the protein molecule and therefore of the active sites. Since active sites of enzymes determines the specificity of the <u>enzymes substrate- complex </u> to give <u>enzyme-product complex,</u> the catalytic activity of the enzymes decreases, <u>the rate of reaction decreases,and products formation stops, and the reaction also stops.</u>
The same is applicable to extremely high pH=Alkalosis.
However, the effective buffer system of the body prevents this scenarios from happening in real sense in the body. Through mopping by the haemoglobin, excretion by the kidney, etc
Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model for studying fundamentals of development because many of the genes involved in the development of the fruit fly are also found in humans and the precise formation of each of their 959 body cells has been mapped.
Its many of the genes involved in the development of the fruit fly are also found in humans. Drosophila melanogasteris which is also called Fruit fly is small in size and minimal requirements, many fly's can be raised and tested within a small laboratory which does not have access time, space or funding.
Genetic factors also make this fly an ideal model organism. Drosophila melanogasteris only has four pairs of chromosomes compared to 23 pairs in humans.
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