A meter-long ruler (meterstick) has a mass of 200 g giving it a weight of 1.96 N (nearly 1/2 pound). A pencil lying flat on a ta
bletop serves as a fulcrum, and if the ruler is placed with the 50-cm mark above the pencil the ruler is balanced – showing that the center of mass is at the center of the ruler.
a) Draw a diagram showing the ruler placed horizontally on the pencil with the ruler's 35- cm mark above the pencil. Draw vectors showing the two forces that act on the ruler (weight and normal force) at the INSTANT it is released (we realize, of course, that the ruler will quickly be rotationally accelerated by the net torque).
b)As you have drawn it above, is the torque acting on the pencil clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW)?
c)What is the magnitude of the torque acting on the ruler?
a) Draw a diagram showing the ruler placed horizontally on the pencil with the ruler's 35- cm mark above the pencil. Draw vectors showing the two forces that act on the ruler (weight and normal force) at the INSTANT it is released (we realize, of course, that the ruler will quickly be rotationally accelerated by the net torque).
b)As you have drawn it above, is the torque acting on the pencil clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW)?
c)What is the magnitude of the torque acting on the ruler?
1 answer:
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Answer:
Approximately (assuming that
.)
Explanation:
The question provided very little information about this motion. Therefore, replace these quantities with letters. These unknown quantities should not appear in the conclusion if this question is actually solvable.
- Let
represent the mass of this car.
- Let
represent the radius of the circular track.
This answer will approach this question in two steps:
- Step one: determine the centripetal force when the car is about to skid.
- Step two: calculate the coefficient of static friction.
For simplicity, let represent the tangential acceleration (
) of this car.
The question gave no information about the distance that the car has travelled before it skidded. However, information about the angular displacement is indeed available: the car travelled (without skidding) one-quarter of a circle, which corresponds to or
radians.
The angular acceleration of this car can be found as . (
is the tangential acceleration of the car, and
is the radius of this circular track.)
Consider the SUVAT equation that relates initial and final (tangential) velocity ( and
) to (tangential) acceleration
and displacement
:
.
The idea is to solve for the final angular velocity using the angular analogy of that equation:
.
In this equation, represents angular displacement. For this motion in particular:
since the car was initially not moving.
since the car travelled one-quarter of the circle.
Solve this equation for in terms of
and
:
.
Let represent the mass of this car. The centripetal force at this moment would be:
.
Since the track is flat (not banked,) the only force on the car in the horizontal direction would be the static friction between the tires and the track. Also, the size of the normal force on the car should be equal to its weight, .
Note that even if the size of the normal force does not change, the size of the static friction between the surfaces can vary. However, when the car is just about to skid, the centripetal force at that very moment should be equal to the maximum static friction between these surfaces. It is the largest-possible static friction that depends on the coefficient of static friction.
Let denote the coefficient of static friction. The size of the largest-possible static friction between the car and the track would be:
.
The size of this force should be equal to that of the centripetal force when the car is about to skid:
.
Solve this equation for :
.
Indeed, the expression for does not include any unknown letter. Let
. Evaluate this expression for
:
.
(Three significant figures.)
Let say the point is inside the cylinder
then as per Gauss' law we have
here q = charge inside the gaussian surface.
Now if our point is inside the cylinder then we can say that gaussian surface has charge less than total charge.
we will calculate the charge first which is given as
now using the equation of Gauss law we will have
now we will have
Now if we have a situation that the point lies outside the cylinder
we will calculate the charge first which is given as it is now the total charge of the cylinder
now using the equation of Gauss law we will have
now we will have