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omeli [17]
3 years ago
11

Find the enthalpy of neutralization of HCl and NaOH. 137 cm3 of 2.6 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid was neutralized by 137 cm3 of 2.6

mol dm-3 NaOH. The temperature rose from 298 K to 325.8 K. The specific heat capacity is the same as water, 4.18 J/K g.
A. 44.69 kJ/mol


B. 6123.06 kJ/mol


C. 597.46 kJ/mol


D. 89.39 kJ/mol
Chemistry
1 answer:
liraira [26]3 years ago
3 0

Answer : The correct option is, (D) 89.39 KJ/mole

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of HCl and NaOH.

\text{Moles of HCl}=\text{Concentration of HCl}\times \text{Volume of solution}=2.6mole/L\times 0.137L=0.3562mole

\text{Moles of NaOH}=\text{Concentration of NaOH}\times \text{Volume of solution}=2.6mole/L\times 0.137L=0.3562mole

The balanced chemical reaction will be,

HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O

From the balanced reaction we conclude that,

As, 1 mole of HCl neutralizes by 1 mole of NaOH

So, 0.3562 mole of HCl neutralizes by 0.3562 mole of NaOH

Thus, the number of neutralized moles = 0.3562 mole

Now we have to calculate the mass of water.

As we know that the density of water is 1 g/ml. So, the mass of water will be:

The volume of water = 137ml+137ml=274ml

\text{Mass of water}=\text{Density of water}\times \text{Volume of water}=1g/ml\times 274ml=274g

Now we have to calculate the heat absorbed during the reaction.

q=m\times c\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})

where,

q = heat absorbed = ?

c = specific heat of water = 4.18J/g^oC

m = mass of water = 274 g

T_{final} = final temperature of water = 325.8 K

T_{initial} = initial temperature of metal = 298 K

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

q=274g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times (325.8-298)K

q=31839.896J=31.84KJ

Thus, the heat released during the neutralization = -31.84 KJ

Now we have to calculate the enthalpy of neutralization.

\Delta H=\frac{q}{n}

where,

\Delta H = enthalpy of neutralization = ?

q = heat released = -31.84 KJ

n = number of moles used in neutralization = 0.3562 mole

\Delta H=\frac{-31.84KJ}{0.3562mole}=-89.39KJ/mole

The negative sign indicate the heat released during the reaction.

Therefore, the enthalpy of neutralization is, 89.39 KJ/mole

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Answer:

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Explanation:

To calculate the osmotic pressure, you need to use the following equation:

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In this equation,

-----> π = osmotic pressure (atm)

-----><em> i</em> = van't Hoff's factor (number of dissolved ions)

-----> M = Molarity (M)

-----> R = Ideal Gas constant (0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

When LiCl dissolves, it dissociates into two ions (Li⁺ and Cl⁻). Therefore, van't Hoff's factor is 2. Before plugging the given values into the equation, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.

<em>i </em>= 2                             R = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K

M = 20 M                    T = 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K

π = <em>i </em>MRT

π = (2)(20 M)(0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)(298.15 K)

π = 979 atm

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