I would say the last one because unlike beta and alpha rays they will have no effect on the mass or atomic number because they are just composed of high energy radiation
have no effect on atomic number or mass number of the atoms that emit them.
Explanation:
Unlike alpha and beta particles gamma rays are weightless packets of energy which have both mass and energy. Gamma rays are more like visible light but they have much higher energy. Based on this option D is true because gamma rays have no mass that is why they have no effect on atomic number of the atoms that emit them.
