When 412.5 g of calcium carbonate react with 521.9 g of aluminum fluoride, how many

Differentiate the claims made by science from those based on bias.

Readme [11.4K]

Answer:

Scientists seek to eliminate all forms of bias from their research. However, all scientists also make assumptions of a non-empirical nature about topics such as causality, determinism and reductionism when conducting research. Here, we argue that since these 'philosophical biases' cannot be avoided, they need to be debated critically by scientists and philosophers of science.

Explanation:

Scientists are keen to avoid bias of any kind because they threaten scientific ideals such as objectivity, transparency and rationality. The scientific community has made substantial efforts to detect, explicate and critically examine different types of biases (Sackett, 1979; Ioannidis, 2005; Ioannidis, 2018; Macleod et al., 2015). One example of this is the catalogue of all the biases that affect medical evidence compiled by the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine at Oxford University (catalogueofbias.org). Such awareness is commonly seen as a crucial step towards making science objective, transparent and free from bias.

6 0

3 years ago

Which reactions are exothermic?

poizon [28]

Answer:

Explanation:

exothermic reactions are the reactions which involve the release of energy.

the energy released can be of any forms ,for example heat,light .

all the combustion reactions are exothermic reactions

4 0

3 years ago

When the average kinetic energy of a gas is increased, the motion of the gas particles

Monica [59]

The gas particles move faster.

6 0

3 years ago

combustion analysis of a hydrocarbon produced 33.01g CO2 and 13.51g H2O. Calculate the empirical formula for the hydrocarbon

masya89 [10]

Answer:

$\rm CH_2$ .

Explanation:

Carbon and hydrogen are the only two elements in a hydrocarbon. When a hydrocarbon combusts completely in excess oxygen, the products would be $\rm CO_2$ and $\rm H_2O$ . The $\rm C$ and $\rm H$ would come from the hydrocarbon, while the $\rm O$ atoms would come from oxygen.

Look up the relative atomic mass of these three elements on a modern periodic table:

$\rm C$ : $12.011$ .
$\rm H$ : $1.008$ .
$\rm O$ : $\rm 15.999$ .

Calculate the molar mass of $\rm CO_2$ and $\rm H_2O$ :

$M(\mathrm{CO_2}) = 12.011 + 2 \times 15.999 = 44.009\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}$ .

$M(\mathrm{H_2O}) = 2 \times 1.008 + 15.999 = 18.015\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}$

Calculate the number of moles of $\rm CO_2$ molecules in $33.01\; \rm g$ of $\rm CO_2\!$ :

$\displaystyle n(\mathrm{CO_2}) = \frac{m(\mathrm{CO_2})}{M(\mathrm{CO2})} = \frac{33.01\; \rm g}{44.009\; \rm g\cdot mol^{-1}} \approx 0.7501\; \rm mol$ .

Similarly, calculate the number of moles of $\rm H_2O$ molecules in $13.51\; \rm g$ of $\rm H_2O\!$ :

$\displaystyle n(\mathrm{H_2O}) = \frac{m(\mathrm{H_2O})}{M(\mathrm{H_2O})} = \frac{13.51\; \rm g}{18.015\; \rm g\cdot mol^{-1}} \approx 0.7499\; \rm mol$ .

Note that there is one carbon atom in every $\rm CO_2$ molecule. Approximately $0.7501\; \rm mol$ of $\rm CO_2\!$ molecules would correspond to the same number of $\rm C$ atoms. That is: $n(\mathrm{C}) \approx 0.7501\; \rm mol$ .

On the other hand, there are two hydrogen atoms in every $\rm H_2O$ molecule. approximately $0.7499\; \rm mol$ of $\rm H_2O$ molecules would correspond to twice as many $\rm H\!$ atoms. That is: $n(\mathrm{H}) \approx 2 \times 0.7499 \; \rm mol\approx 1.500\; \rm mol$ .

The ratio between the two is: $n(\mathrm{C}): n(\mathrm{H}) \approx 1:2$ .

The empirical formula of a compound gives the smallest whole-number ratio between the elements. For this hydrocarbon, the empirical formula would be $\rm CH_2$ .

6 0

3 years ago

In the reaction C7H16+_______O2→ 8H2O + 7CO2, what coefficient should be placed in front og O2 to balence the reaction

Ira Lisetskai [31]

The answer is C because there are 22 oxygen atoms on the product side so to balance the equation the coefficient needed is 11

4 0

2 years ago