What is the speed of gravity
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(a) The electrons move horizontally from west to east, while the magnetic field is directed downward, toward the surface. We can determine the direction of the force on the electron by using the right-hand rule:
- index finger: velocity --> due east
- middle finger: magnetic field --> downward
- thumb: force --> due north
However, we have to take into account that the electron has negative charge, therefore we have to take the opposite direction: so, the magnetic force is directed southwards, and the electrons are deflected due south.
b) From the kinetic energy of the electrons, we can find their velocity by using
where K is the kinetic energy, m the electron mass and v their velocity. Re-arranging the formula, we find
The Lorentz force due to the magnetic field provides the centripetal force that deflects the electrons:
where
q is the electron charge
v is the speed
B is the magnetic field strength
m is the electron mass
r is the radius of the trajectory
By re-arranging the equation, we find the radius r:
And finally we can calculate the centripetal acceleration, given by:
- index finger: velocity --> due east
- middle finger: magnetic field --> downward
- thumb: force --> due north
However, we have to take into account that the electron has negative charge, therefore we have to take the opposite direction: so, the magnetic force is directed southwards, and the electrons are deflected due south.
b) From the kinetic energy of the electrons, we can find their velocity by using
where K is the kinetic energy, m the electron mass and v their velocity. Re-arranging the formula, we find
The Lorentz force due to the magnetic field provides the centripetal force that deflects the electrons:
where
q is the electron charge
v is the speed
B is the magnetic field strength
m is the electron mass
r is the radius of the trajectory
By re-arranging the equation, we find the radius r:
And finally we can calculate the centripetal acceleration, given by:
a) , 1.6 A
b) , 1.33 A
Explanation:
a)
In this situation, we have two resistors connected in series.
The equivalent resistance of resistors in series is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, so in this circuit:
where
Therefore, the equivalent resistance is
Now we can use Ohm's Law to find the current flowing through the circuit:
where
V = 8 V is the voltage supplied by the battery
is the equivalent resistance of the circuit
Substituting,
The two resistors are connected in series, therefore the current flowing through each resistor is the same, 1.6 A.
b)
In this part, a third resistor is added in series to the circuit; so the new equivalent resistance of the circuit is
where:
Substituting, we find the equivalent resistance:
Now we can find the current through the circuit by using again Ohm's Law:
where
V = 8 V is the voltage supplied by the battery
is the equivalent resistance
Substituting,
And the three resistors are connected in series, therefore the current flowing through each resistor is the same, 1.33 A.