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Serhud [2]
3 years ago
8

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, what always happens to the equilibrium of a reaction when the temperature is reduced?

Chemistry
2 answers:
Tasya [4]3 years ago
5 0
It always shift to the direction where balance out the reaction
here 
<span>It shifts in the exothermic direction.</span>
klemol [59]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: The correct option is C.

Explanation: Le-Chatelier's principle is a principle in which the equilibrium adjusts itself whenever there is a change in the equilibrium conditions (pressure, temperature and concentration).

When reaction is an exothermic reaction, it means that the heat is released (increase in temperature) and when it is an endothermic reaction, it means that the heat is being absorbed (decrease in temperature).

So, in a reaction, when the temperature is reduced, the equilibrium reaction will shift in the direction where there is an increase in temperature, which is the exothermic reaction.

Hence, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

By adding bicarbonate.

Explanation:

The pka of the phenol (C₆H₅OH) is 10 and the pka of the benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) is 4, which means that the benzoic acid is a stronger acid than phenol, so if we want to separate phenol from benzoic acid in diethyl ether we need to first use a weak base that will react with benzoic acid and not with the phenol:  

C₆H₅-COOH + HCO₃⁻  ⇄  C₆H₅-COO⁻  +  H₂CO₃

C₆H₅-OH + HCO₃⁻  ⇄  no reaction

The reaction of the benzoic acid with bicarbonate will produce the benzoate ion that will be soluble in the aqueous layer, while the phenol will remain dissolved in the organic layer, so we can separate the two of them by the separation of the two immiscible layers.      

Having the two layers separated, the benzoic acid can be recovered from the aqueous layer by adding HCl:

C₆H₅-COO⁻ + HCl  ⇄  C₆H₅-COOH + Cl⁻

<u>This acid will precipitate from the aqueous solution, and the solid can be isolated by filtration</u>.  

The phenol in the organic layer can be dissolved into an aqueous layer by the adding of a strong base like NaOH:

C₆H₅-OH + OH⁻  ⇄  C₆H₅-O⁻ + H₂O

The phenoxide ion soluble in the aqueous layer can be recovered later by the adding of HCl, which will form the original phenol:

C₆H₅-O⁻ + HCl  ⇄  C₆H₅-OH + Cl⁻  

<u>The precipitated phenol can be isolated by filtration. </u>

This way we can separate a mixture of phenol and benzoic acid in diethyl ether solution.  

I hope it helps you!

6 0
3 years ago
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