Hi there! :)

Use the following kinematic equation to solve for the final velocity:

In this instance, the runner started from rest, so the initial velocity is 0 m/s. We can rewrite the equation as:

Plug in the given acceleration and time:

Answer:
the rate of flow = 29.28 ×10⁻³ m³/s or 0.029 m³/s
Explanation:
Given:
Diameter of the pipe = 100mm = 0.1m
Contraction ratio = 0.5
thus, diameter at the throat of venturimeter = 0.5×0.1m = 0.05m
The formula for discharge through a venturimeter is given as:

Where,
is the coefficient of discharge = 0.97 (given)
A₁ = Area of the pipe
A₁ = 
A₂ = Area at the throat
A₂ = 
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s²
Now,
The gauge pressure at throat = Absolute pressure - The atmospheric pressure
⇒The gauge pressure at throat = 2 - 10.3 = -8.3 m (Atmosphric pressure = 10.3 m of water)
Thus, the pressure difference at the throat and the pipe = 3- (-8.3) = 11.3m
Substituting the values in the discharge formula we get
or

or
Q = 29.28 ×10⁻³ m³/s
Hence, the rate of flow = 29.28 ×10⁻³ m³/s or 0.029 m³/s
Answer:
h = height of the hotel room from the ground floor = 237.4m
Explanation:
Change in Potential Energy of tourist = ΔPE = PE2 – PE1 = mgh
PE1 is the potential energy of tourist at the ground floor
PE1 is the potential energy of tourist at the top (hotel room)
Given
PE1 = − 2.01 × 10⁵ J
PE2 = 0J
PE2 – PE1 = mgh
0 – (− 2.01 × 10⁵ J) = mgh
2.01 × 10⁵ J = 86.4×9.8×h
h = 2.01 × 10⁵/(86.4×9.8) = 237.4m
8.1) Here, Pressure increases with depth in the ocean at higher rate then that of increase in altitude in atmosphere. So, the rate of change of pressure is different in these journeys.So, your most correct answer would be option D.
8.2) Difference in the shape of lines is due to different density of air & water. So, that physical property and your answer would be option A
So, in Short Answers of your questions are:
8.1) - Option D
8.2) - Option A
Hope this helps!
Increasing its velocity will add to the kinetic energy more as the formula for kinetic energy is 0.5*m*v^2. (The speed will be squared making it greater)