Answer:
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Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Entropy is defined as the degree of randomness. This means that more is the number of collisions taking place between atoms of a substance more will be the randomness.
Therefore, more will be the entropy of substance. We cannot measure the entropy but we can measure the change in entropy of a substance.
A thermometer is a glass tube that contains a liquid column generally mercury, and it is usually used to measure the temperature of human body.
A calorimeter is a device or apparatus that is used in a chemical reaction to measure the amount of heat involved.
Therefore, we can conclude that the student can't measure entropy directly, only an entropy change.
The heat released by the water when it cools down by a temperature difference AT
is Q = mC,AT
where
m=432 g is the mass of the water
C, = 4.18J/gºC
is the specific heat capacity of water
AT = 71°C -18°C = 530
is the decrease of temperature of the water
Plugging the numbers into the equation, we find
Q = (4329)(4.18J/9°C)(53°C) = 9.57. 104J
and this is the amount of heat released by the water.
Explanation:
local winds are considered breezes while global winds produce mostly storms
Answer:
See detailed answer with explanation below.
Explanation:
Valence electrons are electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical combination. Recall that the outermost shell of an atom is also referred to as its valence shell. Let us consider an example; if we look at the atom, sodium-11, its electronic configuration is 2,8,1. The last one electron is the valence electron of sodium which is found in its outermost or valence shell.
Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost from the valence shell of an atom. For instance, if the outermost electron in sodium is lost, we now form the sodium ion Na^+ which is a positive ion. Positive ions possess less number of electrons compared to their corresponding atoms.
Negative ions are formed when one or more electrons is added to the valence shell of an atom. A negative ion possesses more electrons than its corresponding atom. For example, chlorine(Cl) contains 17 electrons but the chloride ion (Cl^-) contains 18 electrons.
In molecular compounds, a bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the bonding atoms. Each bonding atom may contribute one of the shared electrons (ordinary covalent bond) or one of the bonding atoms may provide the both shared electrons (coordinate covalent bond). The shared pair may be located at an equidistant position to the nucleus of both atoms. Similarly, the electron may be drawn closer to the nucleus of one atom than the other (polar covalent bond) depending on the electro negativity of the two bonding atoms.
The electrons are shared in order to complete the octet of each atom by so doing, the both bonding atoms now obey the octet rule. For example, two chlorine atoms may come together to form a covalent bond in which each chlorine atom has an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.
