Scientists use models to show the characteristics of compounds. Of the different models,ball-and-stick model and space-filling model are commonly used but similar. Ball-and- stick model shows the bond between both atom and not the relative size of the atoms. Space-filling model shows the relative size of the atom and not the bond between the atoms. Both are 3-Dimensional and use color spheres within the model.
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Like many other elements in chemistry, when an atom's valence shell is filled the element becomes stable. Through the octet rule we know that when the very last valence shell becomes filled, the atom is stable and therefore it is highly unlikely for the element to form bonds with that of another.
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Explanation:
Calcium is the element that has 2 valence electrons.
Energy from the sun that is neither reflected nor absorbed by the atmosphere passes through the atmosphere to the surface. The ozone layer absorbes most of the ultraviolet radiation, water vapor, and carbon dioxide absorbs infared radiation, clouds, dust, and other gases also absorb energy.
The Bohr atomic model, relying on quantum mechanics, built upon the Rutherford model to explain the orbits of electrons.
