D subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
N = A - Z
Answer:
F = 2.30 10⁴ N
Explanation:
The force required to link two gates must be equal to or greater than the electrostatic force of repulsion, because the protons have equal charges.
F = k q₁ q₂ / r²
Where k is the Coulomb constant that is worth 8.99 10⁹ N m² / C²
In this case the proton charge is 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ C and the distance between them is approximately the diameter of the core r = 10⁻¹⁵ m
Let's calculate
F = 8.99 10⁹ (1.6 10⁻¹⁹)² / (10⁻¹⁵)²
F = 2.30 10⁴ N
The bond strength must be equal to or greater than this value
I'd say the answer to this on is d.Facts as they are using the temperatures in the graph and the temperatures are not just estimates
Answer:
It becomes an Ion with either positive or negative charge
