The angle of refraction is <span>45°.</span>
Solution :
The distance between the starting point and the end point,
= 10 light years
But due to the relativistic motion of Bob and Charlie, the distance will be reduced following the Lorentz contraction. The contracted length will be different since they are moving with different speeds.
For Bob,
Speed of Bob's rocket with respect to Alice, 
So the distance appeared to Bob due to the length contraction,



Therefore, the time required to finish the race by Bob is


= 10.143 year
For Charlie,
Speed of Charlie's rocket with respect to Alice, 
So the distance appeared to Charlie due to the length contraction,



The time required to finish the race by Charlie is


= 5.77 year
The true scientific way is the last: using the water displacement method
Force of air and gravitational force are acting on the ball when launched from the slingshot.
When a ball is launched from a slingshot, during its travel force of air as well as gravitational force are acting on the ball because there is air which moves opposite to the motion of a ball whereas the force of gravity attracts the ball downward.
The force of air slows down the motion of the ball while on the other hand, the force of gravity brings the ball to the ground due to attraction. If these two forces are not present then the ball continues its motion forever so we can conclude that force of air and force of gravity are acting on the ball when launched from the slingshot.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/25533186
The density will always be the same.