The mother country benefited under a mercantile system. A mercantile system is based on the benefit of the mother country's trade interests and manufacturers.
The incorporation of the bill of rights is a doctrine that defends that The Bill of Rights should be applicable and respected by the states of the US.
Initially, the Supreme Court was strict on this matter and the common understanding was that the Bill of Rights should only be respected and followed by the Federal Government - you can see it on Barron vs Baltimore case. After the abolition of slavery and the post-civil war era many rights were granted to people and over time the incorporation doctrine gained strength.
The correct answer is the Battle of the Coral Sea
Although both sides were winners in certain respects, it was a draw in the end which was a bad thing for Japan. The Japanese army had a tactical victory through the numbers of US troops defeated and ships sunk, the US had a strategic victory because Japan could not prepare for the following battles because of the losses suffered in this one.
In the pivotal case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially separate facilities, if equal, did not violate the Constitution. Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination.
