Answer:
(a) Stiffness is measured by Young modulus
(b) Strength is measured as tensile stress in force per unit area
(c) Ductility is measured by elongation and reduction of area.
(d) Toughness is measured by the amount of energy that a unit volume of the material has absorbed after being stressed up to the point of fracture.
(e) Hardness is obtained by measuring the size of the impression left by an indenter
Explanation:
Mechanical properties are helpful in determining whether or not a material can be produced in the desired shape and also resist the mechanical forces anticipated.
Given mechanical properties of metals and how they are measured is as follows:
(a) Stiffness is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress. It is measured by Young modulus
(b) Strength is the ability of a material to resist the externally applied forces without breaking or yielding. It is measured as tensile stress in force per unit area
(c) Ductility is the property of a material enabling it to be drawn into a wire with the application of a tensile force. It is measured by elongation and reduction of area.
(d) Toughness is the property of a material to resist fracture due to high impact. It is measured by the amount of energy that a unit volume of the material has absorbed after being stressed up to the point of fracture.
(e) Hardness is the property of a metal, which gives it the ability to resist being permanently deformed, when a load is applied. It is obtained by measuring the size of the impression left by an indenter
