The rate determining step for
the reactivity for the solvolysis of 2-chloro-norbornane depends only on the decomposition of a single molecular species which is
the 2-chloro-norbornane itself. For unimolecular reactions, the mechanism pathway being followed
is that of an SN1 mechanism.
Answer:
<span>SN1 mechanism</span>
Answer:
Rate of reaction =
Rate of consumption of A = 
Rate of consumption of B =
Rate of formation of D = 
Explanation:
According to laws of mass action for the given reaction,
![Rate= -\frac{1}{2}\frac{\Delta [A]}{\Delta t}=-\frac{\Delta [B]}{\Delta t}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{\Delta [C]}{\Delta t}=\frac{1}{3}\frac{\Delta [D]}{\Delta t}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%3D%20-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BA%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BB%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BD%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D)
where, ![-\frac{\Delta [A]}{\Delta t}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BA%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D)
is rate of consumption of A, ![-\frac{\Delta [B]}{\Delta t}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BB%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D)
is rate of consumption of B, ![\frac{\Delta [C]}{\Delta t}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D)
is rate of formation of C and ![\frac{\Delta [D]}{\Delta t}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BD%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D)
is rate of formation of D
Here ![\frac{\Delta [C]}{\Delta t}=2.7mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D2.7mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D)
So, Rate of reaction = 
Rate of formation of D = ![(\frac{3}{2}\times \frac{\Delta [C]}{\Delta t})=(\frac{3}{2}\times 2.7mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1})=4.15mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%29%3D%28%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%202.7mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D%29%3D4.15mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D)
Rate of consumption of A = ![(\frac{2}{2}\times \frac{\Delta [C]}{\Delta t})=(\frac{2}{2}\times 2.7mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1})=2.7mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%29%3D%28%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%202.7mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D%29%3D2.7mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D)
Rate of consumption of B = ![(\frac{1}{2}\times \frac{\Delta [C]}{\Delta t})=(\frac{1}{2}\times 2.7mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1})=1.35mol.dm^{-3}.s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%29%3D%28%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%202.7mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D%29%3D1.35mol.dm%5E%7B-3%7D.s%5E%7B-1%7D)
Answer:
Explanation:
The principle applied is the Markovnikoff's rule which states that when hydrogen chloride adds to a double bond, the hydrogen atoms join to the carbon that already has the most hydrogen atoms bonded to it. The rule wa postulated by a russian chemist known as Vladimir Markovnikoff.
In the markovnikoff's rule, there are sveral conditions that must be met, one of them is that no free radicals must be involved.
The reaction and the structure of the product is as shown in the attachment.
Ionic bonds are formed when there is complete transfer of valence electrons between two atoms.
Electronegativity tells the trend of an atom to atract electrons.
You should search for the complete set of rules that indicate whether an ionic or covalent bond happens.
There are two relevant rules to state if whether an ionic bond will happen:
- When the difference of electronegativities between the two atoms is greater than 2.0, then the bond is ionic.
- When the difference is between 1.6 and 2.0, the bond is ionic if one of the elements is a metal.
You need to list the electronegativities of the five elements (there are tables with this information)
Element electronegativity
Cu: 1.9
H: 2.2
Cl 3.16
I: 2.66
S: 2.58
Differences:
Cu / S: 2.58 - 1.9 = 0.68
H / S: 2.58 - 2.2 = 0.38
Cl / S: 3.16 - 2.58 =0.58
I / S: 2.66 - 2.58 = 0.08
Those differences are too low to consider that the bond is ionic.
Then the answer is that none of those atoms forms an ionic bond with sulfur.
