Process of genetic engineering

1 answer:

8 0

Genetic engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or more genes. Most often, a gene from another species is added to an organism's genome to give it a desired phenotype. It involves 3 steps:

(1) The isolation of DNA fragments from a donor organism;

(2) The insertion of an isolated donor DNA fragment into a vector genome

(3) The growth of a recombinant vector in an appropriate host.

An example of genetic engineering is production of insulin. In plants, genetic engineering has been applied to improve the resilience, nutritional value and growth rate of crops, for example, potatoes, tomatoes and rice.

In animals it has been utilized to develop sheep that produce a therapeutic protein in their milk that can be used to treat cystic fibrosis, or worms that glow in the dark to permit scientists to become more familiar with diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

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<h3>Molarity</h3>

In chemistry, the use of units of concentration depends on both the substances to analyze and their amounts. In such a way, for molarity, one needs the following relationship between the moles of solute and volume of solution:

$M=\frac{n}{V}$

Thus, for the first part of the problem we first calculate the moles in 2.60 g of NaBr via its molar mass:

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Next, we convert the 160. mL to L by dividing by 1000 in order to obtain 0.160 L to subsequently calculate the molarity:

$M=\frac{0.0253mol}{0.160L}=0.158M$

Next, since the moles remain the same and for the second part we are asked for the volume given the concentration, one can solve for the volume so as to obtain:

$V=\frac{n}{M} =\frac{0.158M}{0.120mol/L}\\ \\V=0.211L$