Today we can make observations that would lead us to the same conclusion as newton. If you throw a baseball in the air, it always comes back down. This is because of gravity. duh.
Answer:
Charge on each metal sphere will be 
Explanation:
We have given number of electron added to metal sphere A 
As both the spheres are connected by rod so half -half electron will be distributed on both the spheres.
So electron on both the spheres 
We know that charge on each electron 
So charge on both the spheres will be equal to 
So charge on each metal sphere will be equal to 
Answer:

Explanation:
= Permittivity of free space = 
A = Area = 
d = Thickness = 
k = Dielectric constant = 5.4
V = Voltage = 86.2 mV
Charge is given by

The charge on the outer surface is 
Answer:
+16 J
Explanation:
We can solve the problem by using the 1st law of thermodynamics:

where
is the change of the internal energy of the system
Q is the heat (positive if supplied to the system, negative if dissipated by the system)
W is the work done (positive if done by the system, negative if done by the surroundings on the system)
In this case we have:
Q = -12 J is the heat dissipated by the system
W = -28 J is the work done ON the system
Substituting into the equation, we find the change in internal energy of the system:
