
In a food web the energy is originated from the SUN.
No waves because Q19 waves would going at the surface at regions
Pretty sure it is clockwise if I am not mistaken
Explanation:
The electric field at a distance r from the charged particle is given by :

k is electrostatic constant
if r = 2 m, electric field is given by :

If r = 1 m, electric field is given by :

Dividing equation (1) and (2) we get :

So, at a point 1 m from the particle, the electric field is 4 times of the electric field at a point 2 m.
Answer:
(a). The angle of refraction is 19.26°.
(b). That is proved that the rays in air on either side of the glass are parallel to each other
Explanation:
Given that,
Angle of incidence = 30.0°
Index of reflection of glass = 1.52
(a). We need to calculate the angle of refraction for the ray inside the glass
Using snell's law


Put the value into the formula



(b). We know that,
The incident ray and emerging ray is equal then the ray will be parallel.
We need to prove that the rays in air on either side of the glass are parallel to each other
Using formula for emerging ray


Put the value into the formula



So, 
This is proved.
Hence, (a). The angle of refraction is 19.26°.
(b). That is proved that the rays in air on either side of the glass are parallel to each other