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3 years ago

a 2.0 kg block slides on the horizontal, frictionless surface until it counters a spring force constant with

Physics

1 answer:

icang [17]3 years ago

8 0

Complete question:

a 2.0 kg block slides on the horizontal, frictionless surface until it counters a spring with force constant of 955 N/m. The block comes to rest after compressing the spring a distance of 4.6 cm. Find the initial speed (in m/s) of the block.

Answer:

The initial speed of the block is 1.422 m/s

Explanation:

Given;

mass of the block, m = 2.0 kg

force constant of the spring, K = 955 N/m

compression of the spring, x = 4.6 cm = 0.046 m

Apply Hook's law to determine applied force on the spring;

F = Kx

F = (955 N/m)(0.046 m)

F = 43.93 N

Apply Newton's 2nd law to determine the magnitude of deceleration of the block when it encounters the spring;

F = ma

a = F / m

a = 43.93 / 2

a = 21.965 m/s²

Apply kinematic equation to determine the initial speed of the block;

v² = u² + 2ax

where;

v is the final speed of the block = 0

u is the initial speed of the block

x is the distance traveled by the block = compression of the spring

a is the block deceleration = -21.965 m/s²

0 = u² + 2(-21.965 )(0.046)

0 = u² - 2.021

u² = 2.021

u = √2.021

u = 1.422 m/s

Therefore, the initial speed of the block is 1.422 m/s

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Given that :

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Radius of the spigot = $\frac{d}{2}$ = $\frac{3.0}{2}$ = 1.5 mm

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Radius of the cylinder = $\frac{d}{2}$ = $\frac{2.0}{2}$ = 1.0 cm

Height of the cylinder = 40 cm = 0.40 m

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Velocity at the top of the tank = 0 m/s

From the question given, we need to consider that the question talks about movement of fluid through an open-closed pipe; as such it obeys Bernoulli's Equation and the constant discharge condition.

The expression for Bernoulli's Equation is as follows:

$P_1+\frac{1}{2}pv_1^2+pgy_1=P_2+\frac{1}{2}pv^2_2+pgy_2$

$pgy_1=\frac{1}{2}pv^2_2 +pgy_2$

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where;

P₁ and P₂ = initial and final pressure.

v₁ and v₂ = initial and final fluid velocity

y₁ and y₂ = initial and final height

p = density

g = acceleration due to gravity

So, from our given parameters; let's replace

v₁ = 0 m/s ; y₁ = 0.35 m ; y₂ = 0 m ; g = 9.8 m/s²

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v₂ = $\sqrt{2*9.8*(0.35-0)}$

v₂ = $\sqrt {6.86}$

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Similarly, using the expression of the continuity for water flowing through the spigot into the cylinder; we have:

v₂A₂ = v₃A₃

v₂r₂² = v₃r₃²

where;

v₂r₂ = velocity of the fluid and radius at the spigot

v₃r₃ = velocity of the fluid and radius at the cylinder

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where;

v₂ = 2.62 m/s

r₂ = 1.5 mm

r₃ = 1.0 cm

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So, in an open-closed system we are dealing with; the frequency can be calculated by using the expression;

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What are the rate at which the frequency is changing (Hz/s) when the cylinder has been filling for 4.0 s?

The rate at which the frequency is changing is related to the function of time (t) and as such:

$\frac{df}{dt}= \frac{d}{dt}(\frac{v_s}{4}(h-v_3t)^{-1})$

$\frac{df}{dt}= -\frac{v_s}{4}(h-v_3t)^2(-v_3)$

$\frac{df}{dt}= \frac{v_sv_3}{4(h-v_3t)^2}$

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$v_s$ (velocity of sound) = 343 m/s

v₃ (velocity of the fluid in the cylinder) = 0.0589 m/s

h (height of the cylinder) = 0.40 m

t (time) = 4.0 s

Substituting our values; we have ;

$\frac{df}{dt}= \frac{343*0.0589}{4(0.4-(0.0589*4.0))^2}$

= 186.873

≅ 186.9 Hz/s

∴ The rate at which the frequency is changing = 186.9 Hz/s when the cylinder has been filling for 4.0 s.

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