1) Answer is: +1.
The proton is subatomic particle with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge.
The electron (symbol: e⁻) is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
Because there is one proton more than electrons, the charge of a substance is +1.
2) Answer is: All atoms are electrically neutral.
For example, atomic number of calcium is 20, it means that it has 20 protons and 20 electrons, so atom of calcium is electrically neutral.
When calcium lost two electrons, it will have 20 protons (positive charge) and 18 electrons (negative charge), which means it has two protons more and it has +2 oxidation number.
Other example, oxygen atom has atomic number 8, it means it has eight protons and eight electrons, so atom has neutral charge.
3) Answer is: Protons are the same size as neutrons, both are bigger than electrons.
The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton and the neutron.
Protons and neutrons, each with masses of approximately one atomic mass unit, are called nucleons.
Protons and neutrons are hadrons composed of three valence quarks.
4) Answer is: proton.
One or more protons (p⁺) are present in the nucleus of every atom and the number of protons in the atom is the defining property of an element.
For example, boron (B) is an element with atomic number 5, which means it has 5 protons.
Other example is nitrogen (N) with 7 protons.
5) Answer is: atomic number.
Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons, which is characteristic of a chemical element.
There are 118 unique substances (elements) arranged on an amazing chart that reveals their hidden secrets to anyone who knows how to read it.
The first chemical element is hydrogen (atomic number is 1) and the last is oganesson (atomic number is 118).
Elements are scheduled in periodic table, ordered by their atomic number.
6) Answer is: False.
Protons and neutrons are both centrally located in an atom's nucleus, while negative electrons surround the nucleus in designated shells.
Nucleus of an atom has positive charge, electrons are negative and atom has neutral net charge.
7) Answer is: False.
For example, isotope of fluorine (F-19).
This isotope has:
1) n(p⁺) = 9; fluorine has atomic number Z = 9 (total number of protons).
2) n(e⁻) = 9; in an element, number of electrons and protons are the same.
3) n(n°) = 10; mass number of this isotope is A = 19. Mass nummber is total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus, so number of neutrons is:
n(n°) = A-Z.
n(n°) = 19-9.
n(n°) =10.
8) Answer is: Due to the dual nature of electrons, we cannot simultaneously know an electron's position and its momentum (path). Measuring one changes the other.
The uncertainty principle was introduced in 1927, by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976).
The uncertainty principle states that the more precisely the position of some particle is determined, the less precisely its momentum can be known and vice versa.
9) Answer is: True.
Erwin Schrödinger (1887 - 1961) assume that a wave equation could explain the behaviour of atomic particles.
The Schrödinger Equation was used to solve for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom (H).
The Schrodinger equation is used to find the allowed energy levels of quantum mechanical systems.
10) Answer is: False.
In 1s orbital could be held two electrons.
In 2s orbital could be also held two electrons.
In 2p orbital could be held six electrons.
So total number of electrons is 10.
This is element neon (Ne). Atomic number of neon is 10, it has 10 protons and 10 electrons.
Electron configuration of neon atom: ₁₀Ne 1s²2s²2p⁶.
