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jeka94
3 years ago
7

Some velomobile seats have been designed to hold ice packs inside their cushions. If you started a ride with ice packs that held

1100 gg of frozen water at 0 ∘C∘C , and the temperature of the water at the end of the ride was 32 ∘C∘C , how many calories of heat energy were absorbed?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Cerrena [4.2K]3 years ago
7 0

Answer : The heat energy absorbed will be, 1.23\times 10^5cal

Solution :

The process involved in this problem are :

(1):H_2O(s)(0^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(0^oC)\\\\(2):H_2O(l)(0^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(32.0^oC)

The expression used will be:

\Delta H=m\times \Delta H_{fusion}+[m\times c_{p,l}\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})]

where,

m = mass of ice = 1100 g

c_{p,l} = specific heat of liquid water = 4.18J/g^oC

\Delta H_{fusion} = enthalpy change for fusion = 6.01kJ/mole=6010J/mole=\frac{6010J/mole}{18g/mole}J/g=333.89J/g

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mole

Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

\Delta H=1100g\times 333.89J/g+[1100g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times (32.0-0)^oC]

\Delta H=514415J=122948.1358cal=1.23\times 10^5cal

Conversion used : (1 cal = 4.184 J)

Therefore, the heat energy absorbed will be, 1.23\times 10^5cal

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Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

4Na + O₂ —> 2Na₂O

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of O₂ reacted to produce 2 moles of Na₂O.

Next, we shall determine the theoretical yield of Na₂O. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of O₂ reacted to produce 2 moles of Na₂O.

Therefore, 9 moles of O₂ will react to produce = 9 × 2 = 18 moles of Na₂O.

Finally, we shall determine the mass in 18 moles of Na₂O. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole of Na₂O = 18 moles

Molar mass of Na₂O = (23×2) + 16

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Mass of Na₂O =?

Mass = mole × molar mass

Mass of Na₂O = 18 × 62

Mass of Na₂O = 1116 g

Thus, the theoretical yield of Na₂O is 1116 g.

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Question 3<br> What part of a water molecule is the negatively charged side?
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Answer:

The oxygen atom in water has a negative charge.

<h2>Definitions:</h2>

Polar molecule: A molecule in which the centroid of the positive charges is different from the centroid of the negative charges.

Oxygen: A colorless, odorless, gaseous element constituting about one-fifth of the volume of the atmosphere and present in a combined state in nature. It is the supporter of combustion in air and was the standard of atomic, combining, and molecular weights until 1961, when carbon 12 became the new standard. Symbol: O; atomic weight: 15.9994; atomic number: 8; density: 1.4290 g/l at 0°C and 760mm pressure.

Water: A transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, freezing at 32°F or 0°C and boiling at 212°F or 100°C. that in more or less impure state constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.: it contains 11.188 percent hydrogen and 88.812 percent oxygen, by weight.

Hydrogen: A colorless, odorless, flammable gas that combines chemically with oxygen to form water: the lightest of the known element. Symbol: H; atomic weight: 1.00797; atomic number: 1; density: 0.0899 g/l at 0°C and 760 mm pressure.

Atom: Am atom is the smallest constituent particle of a chemical element which has the properties of that element. They re comprised of at least an electron and a portion, as is the case for Hydrogen. Atoms of all other elements however, contain at least one neutron.

Proton: A positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei. It is the lightest and most stable baryon, having a charge equal in magnitude to that of the electron, a spin of 1/2, and a mass of 1.673 × 10-27kg. Symbol: P.

Electron: An elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, having a negative charge of 1.602 × 10-19 coulombs, ha mass of 9.108 × 10-31 kilograms, and spin of 1/23, and existing independently or as the component outside the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron: An elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly greater than that of a proton, and spin of 1/2: a constituent of the nuclei of all atoms except those of hydrogen. Symbol: n.

<h2>What is a negative charge?</h2>

A object has a negative charge when it consists of more electrons than protons.

With a partial positive charge on 2 Hs and a partial negative charge on oxygen, water molecules are polar molecules.

Actually, two hydrogen atoms and the core oxygen atom of water are covalently connected. Due to its greater electronegative nature than hydrogen, oxygen pulls the bound electron pair in the middle of the atom toward it.

When illustrating higher electron densities over oxygen, partial negative charge is used, whereas partial positive charge is used to illustrate lower densities over hydrogen atoms.

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